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DC BIO Chapter 11-14 Flashcards | StudBud
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DC BIO Chapter 11-14
DC BIO Chapter 11-14
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1
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ________.
length
A:C ratio
G:T ratio
electrical charge
2
Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan spread an unusual chromosome to nearly 16 million men living today resulted from studies of
systems biology
proteomics
the X chromosome
the Y chromosome
3
Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?
77.5%
67.0%
87.0%
98.5%
4
Homeotic genes ________.
are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms
regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
are an example of convergent evolution
have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells
5
A vaccine works by ________.
preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease proteins
stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
killing cells infected with a virus
inhibiting bacterial reproduction
6
Homology is evidence of ________.
binomial classification
common ancestry
artificial selection
natural selection
7
Molecular systematics might examine all of the following types of data EXCEPT ________.
DNA sequences
anatomical features
amino acid sequences
proteins
8
In an operon, the ________ acts as an on/off switch.
repressor
promoter
activator
operator
9
A change in the gene pool due to chance results in ________.
natural selection
a large gene pool
genetic drift
environmental variation
10
Golden rice 2 is a genetically modified form of rice that was developed to treat what nutritional deficiency?
vitamin A
vitamin B12
iron
calcium
11
The similarity of the embryos of chickens and humans is evidence of ________.
artificial selection
decreased genetic variation
common ancestry
genetic drift
12
Genetically modifying human ________ may directly affect future generations.
eggs and sperm
brain cells
skin cells
muscles
13
Natural selection generally results in ________.
an increase in the size of a population
increased genetic variation
a population that is adapted to its current environment
a population that is better adapted to a future environment
14
The first basic idea of evolutionary adaptation can be traced back to ________.
ancient Greeks about 2,500 years ago
Lamarck
Darwin
Aristotle
15
In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?
repressor
operon
promoter
operator
16
How are the cells in different body tissues able to perform different functions?
Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
Mutations have accumulated in the cells over time.
The cells contain different genes.
17
Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.
the operon
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
promoters
18
A DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence TGGCA will bind with another DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence _____
TGGCA
ACGGT
TGCCA
ACCGT
19
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.
operator
enhancer
repressor
promoter
20
Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n. ________.
tumor-suppressor gene
silencer
proto-oncogene
ncogene
21
________ introduced a system for grouping species into a hierarchy of categories.
Aristotle
Darwin
Lamarck
Linnaeus
22
Years ago, farmers determined that suppressing flower development in mustard gave rise to broccoli. This is ______
the bottleneck effect
disruptive selection
artificial section
migration
23
Natural selection ________.
prepares organisms for future changes in the environment
is a very rare phenomenon
does not affect allelic frequencies
results in evolutionary adaptation
24
Which statement about the voyage of the Beagle is TRUE?
purpose was to identify the fastest route from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
It lasted almost 2 years.
It sunk off of the coast of Australia, almost 4 years into its journey
It was an opportunity for Darwin to collect fossils, plants, and animals.
25
Analogous structures are evidence of ________.
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
stabilizing selection
common ancestry
26
In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was ________.
natural selection
bionomial nomenclature
artificial selection
27
STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have ________.
different CODIS DNA sequences
different alleles for many genes in the genome
different restriction fragments
different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites
28
Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ________.
plasmids
recombinant DNA
enzymes
gel electrophoresis
29
How can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?
Mature plant cells can develop into all the cells of an adult plant.
Mature plant cells contain only a fraction of the genes found in an adult.
Plants have evolved over time to suit the need of human agriculture.
30
The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time makes up that population's ________.
genotype
heterozygote frequency
allele frequency
gene pool
31
Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the ________.
Silurian
permian
cretaceous
Eocene
32
Of the following taxonomic levels, species found within the same ________ are the most closely related.
order
domain
family
phylum
33
Biological species consist of groups of ________.
populations
genera
domains
families
34
A period of mass extinction is often followed by ________.
global warming
explosive diversification
continental drift
35
A reproductive barrier that prevents individuals from closely related species from interbreeding is an example of ______
geographic isolation of populations
allopatric speciation
a prezygotic barrier
sympatric speciation
36
The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for evolution is ________.
gene flow
mutation
random fertilization
geographic isolation
37
Which biological process would be the best target to investigate for cancer research?
glycolysis
mitosis
meiosis
cellular respiration