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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
The European feudal system was
controlled by a powerful middle class
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
2
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
manorialism
socialism
free market
feudalism
3
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
4
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
development of a European middle class
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
European involvement in the Crusades
European renewal in learning
5
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
6
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
establishing trade routes to the Americas
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
7
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
racial diversity
universal suffrage/democracy
a questioning spirit
social mobility
8
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Ottoman
Mongol
9
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
the Roman Catholic Church
elected parliaments
10
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
11
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
failure of other nations to become interested in China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
12
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
accept medieval W European religious ideas
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
13
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
religion had little developmental influence
societies usually developed along river valleys
men and women had equal employment opportunities
large cities were not established until Europeans came
14
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in one God
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
15
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
adoption of democratic government
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
persecution of Jews and Christains
16
The Byzantine Empire
used a senate as the chief governing body
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
17
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
rise of nation states
fall of Constantinople
outbreak of deadly diseases
introduction of new military
18
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
missionaries and slave traders
19
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
absolute monarchies
20
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
isolated from the rest of Europe
close to a network of navigable rivers
accessible by water
protected by mountains
21
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
22
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
23
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a thriving system of international trade
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
limited social mobility
24
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
25
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
26
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
respect for the rights of the indigenous
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
isolationism
the production of raw materials and cash crops
27
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
crop failures brought on by poor weather
wars btwn various native groups
28
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
29
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
30
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
manorialism
feudalism
entrepreneurship
mercantilism
31
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
military power led to industrialization
locations were favorable for trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
32
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
mercantilism
direct democracy
equality among the social classes
practicing rituals to please the gods
33
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
mercantilism and industrial expansion
war and constant invasion
prosperity and artistic creativty
feudalism and oppression
34
Africa's geography is characterized by
an absence of rain forests
a diverse topography
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a lack of major river systems
35
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
sites of early civilization
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
cities of origin for major religions
36
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
37
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Court systems were developed
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
38
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
39
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
religious themes
human scientific achievements
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
40
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
developed concepts for natural rights
promoted peace and prosperity
established absolutist governments
provided structure for society
41
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
42
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
an adoption of Islam
the strengthening of the feudal system
43
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent nations with special privileges
independent trade partners
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
44
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
45
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
growth of democratic forms of gov't
opposition to the Catholic Church
rejection of Spanish culture
exploitation of people and resources
46
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a time of colonial unrest
a poverty-stricken era
a period of political chaos
a golden age
47
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
48
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
49
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
50
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Aztec Empire
51
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
had decentralized political structures
developed writing systems
established monotheistic religions
emphasized social equality
52
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
Islam
codified laws
agricultural communes
social and political equality
53
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Byzantine
Ottoman
Holy Roman
54
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Gothic
Ionic
Corinthian
55
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
decline in African slave trade
Age of Exploration in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
growth of feudalism in Europe
56
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
57
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
58
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Voltaire
Machiavelli
Locke
59
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
60
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
increase in influence of serfs
decreasing importance of towns and cities
collapse of international trade
rise of nation-states
61
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a military route for the defense of the norther border
62
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
developed a representative government
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
gained overseas colonies
promoted equality for women
63
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
mercantalism
manorialism
64
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
the practices of the church led to classless society
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
65
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
66
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
establish Christianity in W Europe
67
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
The Catholic Church was weakened
Feudalism strengthened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
68
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an open democratic society
a decentralized government
the many opportunities for social mobility
an adoption of Christianity
69
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Iran and Thailand
Japan and Tibet
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Russia and Iraq
70
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
71
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
an increased interest in science and technology
a culture that accepted militarism
equality among Japanese citizens
72
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
consolidate the political power of the region
provide order during a period of weak central governments
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
73
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
encouraged to develop their own industries
granted independence as soon as possible
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
74
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italy was politically unified
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
75
One major result of the Crusades was the
long-term decrease in European trade
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
76
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in coastal areas
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
on major trading routes
77
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
iron ore and coal
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
spices and silk
78
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Religious reform was a major concern
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
79
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
social equality
origin in the Andes Mountains
80
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
social kinship of the Ashanti people
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
military strategies of the Mali
81
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
82
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
83
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
appreciation for the worth of the individual
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
84
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Africa and Southeast Asia
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
North America and Europe
85
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
86
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
The African societies flourished at the same time
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
These had rich history before European contact
87
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
88
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
absolutism
89
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
industrialism
mercantilism
capitalism
manorialism
90
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
belief in democracy
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
rigid social structure
91
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
produced few cultural achievements
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
lived at peace with their neighbors
92
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
93
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
94
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
eliminating warfare
providing social stability
encouraging formal education
fostering the growth of religion
95
The European feudal system represents a society based on
social class
political ability
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
96
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
Communist regimes
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
97
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
decline of trade
breakdown of central government
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
98
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
middle class merchants
peasant farmers
warrior aristocrats
radical revolutionaries
99
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
Latin language
Orthodox Christianity
democratic ideas
100
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
101
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
individualism
secularism
mysticism
humanism
102
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
103
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
self-determination
imperialism
104
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
105
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
a decrease in trade and commerce
the toleration of members of other cultures
the creation of democratic governments
106
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade and commerce declined
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
107
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
108
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
feudalism
communism
manorialism
socialism
109
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
development of towns and cities
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
110
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
111
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
112
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
113
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
devotion to religion
value of the individual
114
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
development of feudalism in Europe
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
115
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Middle Ages
Enlightenment
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
116
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was a religious center for Muslims
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
117
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
decline of Greek city-states
118
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
self-sufficiency of the manor system
economic policies of the Roman Empire