Receptors for signal molecules _____

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic compartmentalizatoin

Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by __________.

cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell

Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?

None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.

Which type of cell will have have the most mitochondria?

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which correctly states a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

Active transport requires energy from ATP, facilitated diffusion doesn't

The observation that chloroplasts & mitochondria contain their own DNA and synthesize their own proteins suggests that _

must divide each time the cell containing them divides

Which group of organelles is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How do retroviruses, such as HIV, differ from other viruses?

They can transcribe a DNA copy from a RNA template.

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of pr

Which of these is a false statement?

Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

Consider a rER protein. When synthesis of it completes, it is located in the ER membrane. Where else could it be found?

In the cellular plasma membrane

Which statement is false in regard to facilitated diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP.

Which process and organelle(s) accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane?

exocytosis and smooth and rough ER

What does the addition of a phosphate group do to a protein?

can either activate or inactivate a protein

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

Which statement about passive transport is correct?

net movement of the solute occurs down the concentration gradient, Passive transport permits the solute to move in either direction

Two cells of same volume butdifferent surf. area. Cell with larger surf. area is likely to _____

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Which cell type(s) have a nucleus and chloroplast, in addition to a cell's fundamental structures?

A protist cell and a plant cell

Reverse transcription, carried out by retroviruses, is the process by which __________.

RNA information is copied into DNA

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple diffusion. Therefore steroids _____

dont initiate cell signaling by binding w/ a receptor in plasma membrane

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Cytology

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Cytology: Duplicate of Campbell Biology in Focus Ch. 4 Practice Questions: Campbell 2nd Edition 2/e Campbell Biology in Focus AP BIO AP BIOLOGY Ap biology Chapter 4A: A Tour of the Cell

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Questions 76

Answers

1
Receptors for signal molecules _____
all work via protein kinases
all work by opening ion channels
are only found associated with the plasma membrane
may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm
2
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes are multicellular.
Eukaryotes lack organelles, unlike prokaryotes.
Eukaryotic compartmentalizatoin
Eukaryotes synthesize proteins; prokaryotes do not.
3
Which category best fits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
toxin neutralization
breakdown of complex foods
manufacturing
structural support of cells
4
Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by __________.
preventing entry of the viral DNA into the cell
preventing the binding of the virus to the cell surface
preventing the synthesis of viral capsomeres in the cell
cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell
5
Which structure is found in eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic, cells?
cytosol
ribosomes
mitochondria
plasma membrane
6
Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?
They are all involved in ATP synthesis.
Neutralize free radicals
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
They are all part of the plastid family of organelles.
7
Which cell structure allows selective permeability between a cell and its external environment?
lysosomes
plasma membrane
mitochondia
chloroplasts
8
The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is _____
cAMP
GTP
ATP
protein kinase
9
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
actin
cilia
mitochondria
the central vacuole
10
Which is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion?
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
textured endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
11
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what?
motor proteins
tubulin
actin
mitochondria
12
Which type of cell will have have the most mitochondria?
inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
13
Which organelle might be found inside other organelles?
the nucleolus
No organelles are found in other organelles.
mitochondria
ribosomes
14
Which correctly states a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
Active transport requires energy from ATP, facilitated diffusion doesn't
Active transport involves transport proteins, facilitated diffusion doesn't
Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, active transport doesn't
Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient
15
What event would activate a G protein?
hydrolysis of GDP to GTP
replacement of GDP with GTP
hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
phosphorylation of GDP to GTP
16
The observation that chloroplasts & mitochondria contain their own DNA and synthesize their own proteins suggests that _
are produced by the nucleus of the cell
are involved in energy metabolism of the cell
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
contain two or more membranes
17
Which structures will not proliferate in pancreatic cells that begin to secrete lots of digestive enzyme?
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transport vesicles
All of the above
18
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?
cytoskeleton
plasma membrane
muscle
transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi
19
Which is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?
All of the above
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
the cytoplasm
in mitochondria
20
Which group of organelles is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuole
ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
21
Which molecule is most likely to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?
glucose
hemoglobbin
sodium ion
carbon dioxide
22
How do retroviruses, such as HIV, differ from other viruses?
They contain nucleic acids that code for proteins.
They have much simpler reproductive cycles than other RNA viruses.
They contain DNA that is used as a template to make RNA.
They can transcribe a DNA copy from a RNA template.
23
Which enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule?
facilitated diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
passive transport
osmosis
24
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
on free cytoplasmic ribosomes
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in the nucleus
25
Which is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?
the shape of the cell
All of the above
the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell
the cell's surface-to-volume ratio
26
Which would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein?
a large polar molecule
a large nonpolar molecule
a small nonpolar molecule
dissolved gases (O2, CO2)
27
The cellular response of a signal pathway that terminates at a transcription factor would be ______
the activation of an inactive enzyme
alteration of the cytoskeleton
the activation of a metabolic pathway
the synthesis of mRNA
28
Which of these is the simplest unit of life?
Cell
Organ
Tissue
Molecules
29
Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of pr
ECM and cell walls completely cover plasma membrane.
ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine shape
Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells
30
Which of these is a false statement?
Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
Mitochondria have more than one membrane
The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae.
31
Consider a rER protein. When synthesis of it completes, it is located in the ER membrane. Where else could it be found?
In a mitochondrion
In a golgi apparatus
In the cytoplasm
In the cellular plasma membrane
32
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ___________.
secrete a lot of protein
move rapidly
secrete a lot of lipids
make a lot of ATP
33
Which statement is false in regard to facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion can occur using transport proteins.
Facilitated diffusion can move ions across membranes.
Facilitated diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP.
Facilitated diffusion can occur through protein channels.
34
In eukaryotic cells, which is a second messenger that is produced as a response to an external signal such as a hormone?
cyclic AMP
glucose
epinephrine
tRNA
35
Which process and organelle(s) accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane?
endocytosis and Golgi
active transport and the rough endoplasmic reticulum
receptor-mediated endocytosis and smooth ER and Golgi
exocytosis and smooth and rough ER
36
What does the addition of a phosphate group do to a protein?
can either activate or inactivate a protein
always inactivates a protein
is accomplished by protein phosphatases
activates G-protein-linked receptors
37
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
By free cytoplasmic ribosomes.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
externally to the plasma membrane
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
38
A MB protein synthesized in the rER differed from embedded protein in plasma membrane. The protein was altered in the __
plasma membrane
transport vesicles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
39
Which statement about passive transport is correct?
Passive transport does not occur in the human body.
net movement of the solute occurs down the concentration gradient
Passive transport permits the solute to move in either direction
Passive transport operates independently of diffusion.
40
Two cells of same volume butdifferent surf. area. Cell with larger surf. area is likely to _____
have a very high metabolic rate
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
be buried deep in the interior of an organism
be nearly spherical in shape
41
Which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes
42
Which cell type(s) have a nucleus and chloroplast, in addition to a cell's fundamental structures?
a bacterium
a cell from a pine tree
a yeast (fungus) cell
A protist cell and a plant cell
43
Reverse transcription, carried out by retroviruses, is the process by which __________.
DNA is duplicated
DNA information is copied into RNA
RNA information is copied into DNA
information is copied from a protein molecule into RNA
44
The ribosomes of chlorplasts and mitochondria are most similar to ribosomes found in ____.
On the rough ER
in protist cells
in bacterial cells
Triangle and Diamond
45
The symptoms of a viral infection in a person can be caused by __________.
All of these.
the death of infected cells
the reaction of the individual's immune system to the infection
the production of toxins by infected cells
46
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.
The intestinal cells are bound by the ECM.
The intestinal cells plasma membranes prevent fluid leakage.
47
Steroid hormones can enter a cell by simple diffusion. Therefore steroids _____
are not an example of signaling molecules
dont initiate cell signaling by binding w/ a receptor in plasma membrane
directly bind to DNA
do not bind to receptors
48
Which statement correctly describes characteristic shared by plant cell walls and an animal cell extracellular matrices?
Both are permeable to water and small solutes.
Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus.
All of the above.
Triangle and Circle
49
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with what to perform many of their functions?
None of the above
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Rough ER
50
A G protein is active when _____
GTP is bound to it
it is phosphorylated by protein kinase
Ca2+ binds to a G-protein-linked receptor
GDP replaces GTP
51
You want to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should be chosen & why?
Magnifying glass
Transmission electron microscope
Light microscope
Scanning electron microscope
52
Which statement about the role of phospholipids in the structure and function of biological membranes is correct?
Phospholipids form a single sheet in water.
Phospholipids form a structure in which the hydrophobic portion faces out
Phospholipids are completely insoluble in water.
Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
53
Vaccines for viral diseases are __________ and help prevent infection by __________.
antibiotic formulations … killing bacteria that assist virus infection
nucleoside inhibitors … inhibiting the replication of the viral genome
harmless forms of pathogenic viruses … stimulating the immune system
antibiotic formulations … specifically killing infected cells
54
Viruses that infect bacteria are called __________.
bacteriophages
retroviruses
capsomeres
proviruses
55
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
a ribosome
the endomembrane system
the plasma membrane
a microtubule
56
Radioactive phosphorus was added to animal cells and was incorporated into nucleotides. Where would the phos. end up?
rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus
the nucleus
The golgi apparatus
57
The general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is ______
protein cyclase
protein phosphatase
peptidase
protein kinase
58
Which statement about diffusion is true?
It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane.
It requires expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is very rapid over long distances.
It is a passive process of a substance across a membrane with no energy
59
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
have no ribosomes
lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
lack chromosomes
have a smaller nucleus
60
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through
a plasmodesma
a tight junction
a gap junction
a cell wall
61
Cell fractionation ______.
requires the use of a scanning electron microscope
separates cells into their smallest component parts
uses strong acids to break apart cells
is no longer used in modern cell biology
62
Viruses can vary with respect to all of the following characteristics EXCEPT __________.
the presence or absence of a membranous envelope
the type of host cell it can infect
DNA or RNA as the genetic material
their lack of metabolic machinery
63
Which of these membranes are likely to have a lipid composition that is most distinct from the others?
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrial outer membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
64
When a virus infects an E. coli cell, what part of the virus enters the bacterial cytoplasm?
the protein capsid and enclosed nucleic acid
the tail fibers
only the nucleic acid
the entire virus
65
Which of the following can a virus do without a host cell?
None of these.
produce ATP for energy
synthesize proteins
produce nucleotides for use in replication and transcription
66
A mutation in the active site of adenylyl cyclase that inactivates it would most likely lead to ________
increased binding of adenylyl cyclase to the G protein that activates it
higher activity of protein kinase A
reduced binding of adenylyl cyclase to protein kinase A
lower activity of protein kinase A
67
Testosterone does not affect all cells of the body because ______
not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone
it is a local regulator
it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors
testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane
68
Which statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?
Mitochondria contain a small amount of DNA. Chloroplasts don't.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria make some of their proteinsns
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes.
69
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
None of the listed responses is correct.
Ribosomal subunits from nucleo., thru nuc. membrane via nuc. pores
The nucleolus contains mRNA which transits the nuclear envelope by pores.
The nuc. pores are formed during prophase, when the nuc. membrane dissolves
70
Under the fluid mosaic model, where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found?
wedged between phospholipid molecules in the interior of the membrane
on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface
on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
on either surface of the membrane, but not in the interior of the membrane
71
Which of the following, if any, may be a component of a virus?
protein
All of these.
double-stranded DNA
phospholipid bilayer
72
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching.
Plant cells use a cell wall instead of a cytoskeleton.
Filaments are hollow tubules of protein that provide structural support.
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles wit
73
Which functional process is NOT a consequence of the association of proteins with biological membranes?
cell-cell recognition
enzymatic activity
cell-cell communication
energy, carbon, and nitrogen storage
74
Which structure is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
plasma membrane
mitochondria
cell wall
centrioles
75
Which pair correctly matches a membrane transport process to its primary function?
phagocytosis, secretion of large particles from the cell
osmosis, passive diffusion of water and small solutes across a membrane
pinocytosis, the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell
exocytosis, movement of solute out of the cell through plasma membrane
76
Where in the fluid mosaic model of the membrane would carbohydrates be found?
on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
in the interior of the membrane
on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface of the membrane
Carbohydrates are rarely associated with plasma membranes.

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