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AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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1
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Self-actualization
Primary satisfaction
Equilibrium
Homeostasis
2
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Recovered Memory
Sensory Memory
Constructive Memory
Selective Attention
3
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A belief in luck.
A strong libido.
A positive self-concept.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
4
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hysteria
Memory loss
Hallucinations
Tardive dyskinesia
5
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Interposition
Convergence
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
6
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
7
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Transference
ECT
Somatic therapy
Systematic desensitization
8
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
US
CS
CR
UR
9
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
10
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
11
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It is given in the same way every time.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
12
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
The on/off switch on a computer.
The ignition switch on a car.
13
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Linguistic skills decline with age.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
14
According to the nativist theory (Chomsky), language is acquired...
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
15
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Increased arousal.
Less reported stress.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
16
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
17
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Self-esteem
Motor development
Reading ability
Intelligence
18
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments always result in statistically significant findings
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
19
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
20
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Structuralism
The unconscious mind
Gestalt Theory
Behaviorism
21
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Compulsions
Hallucinations
Multiple personalities
Depression
22
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
B.F. Skinner
23
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Thurstone
Guilford
Flynn
Gardner
24
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which pain messages are perceived.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
25
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
Original research in this area is difficult.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
26
Weber's Law determines...
Amplitude of sound waves
Level of subliminal messages
Absolute threshold
Just-noticeable difference
27
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Honesty
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
28
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Thorazine
Acetylcholine
29
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Delusions
Obsessions
Compulsions
Hallucinations
30
p value is given with which of the following research methods?
All of the above!
Survey method
Correlational Method
Experimental Method
31
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
32
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Zoophobia
Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Conversion Disorder
33
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
34
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Behaviorist
Biological
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
35
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
36
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The number of participants involved.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
37
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Cognitive
38
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Abstract reasoning
Formal operations
Operational
Syllogistic
39
r=-.88. What can you infer?
Variables are weakly related in the opposite direction
Variables are weakly related in the same direction
Variables are strongly related in the same direction
Variables are strongly related in the opposite direction
40
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Adrenaline
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
41
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Variable Interval
Continuous
Fixed Interval
42
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The number of people in the group.
The location of the learner.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
43
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
44
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Formal Operations
Pre-operational
Sensorimotor
Conventional
45
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Abraham Maslow
46
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
47
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
48
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I, II, and III
I and II
II and III
II Only
49
Dr. J ran an a study and found p=.07. What can she conclude?
Results not due to chance
strong positive correlation
Results may be due to chance
weak positive correlation
50
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
51
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Affection
Career
Autonomy
Identity
52
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
REM Sleep
Stage 1
Stage 4
53
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
The need for a representative sample
Many confounding variables
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
54
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Fritz Perls
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Albert Ellis
55
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
Biopsychologist
Structuralist
56
Which statement about bulimia is true?
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
57
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
Endorphins
58
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Mixed
Open-minded
Flexible
Eclectic
59
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
60
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Fixed Ratio
Continuous
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
61
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Biological processes
Individual choice
Unconscious behavioral impulses
62
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
A straight line
Negatively skewed
Normal
Positively skewed
63
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
64
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
65
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
66
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Intelligence test
Standardized test
Achievement test
Aptitude test
67
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Avoidant
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Secure
68
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Musical
Spatial
Practical
Linguistic
69
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
70
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
71
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
72
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Valium
Prozac
Lithium
Haldol
73
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
CAT and EKG
PET and EEG
EKG and CAT
MRI and CAT
74
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Client-centered
Psychoanalytic
Psychodynamic
Token economy
75
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Appropriate for only female patients.
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Unscientific and unverifiable
Too applicable for research settings.
76
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Abstract reasoning
Spatial reasoning
Producing speech
Control of the left hand
77
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Unconscious level
Nonconscious level
Subconscious level
Autonomic level
78
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
79
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Rationalization
Denial
Sublimation
Regression
