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FInal Exam Review
FInal Exam Review
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1
where is the coriolis force the highest?
near the poles
the left hemisphere
the equator
the right hemishpere
2
surface winds spiral out clickwise from a high pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere
cyclonic
Anticyclonic
coriolis effect
draft
3
Secondary Succession is when an ecosystem is destroyed
False
True
4
The amount and timing of precipitation a region receives is ultimately controlled by ______.
Earth's internal heat
the pull of the sun
the pull of the Moon
atmospheric motion
5
The three main ______ of water are the oceans, continents, and atmosphere.
capacities
stores
fluxes
6
What is the approximate concentration of carbon diozide in the atmosphere?
78%
21%
0.9%
0.04%
7
What is Aquic?
dry more than half the year
soil most year round
Water TAble at or near the surface
8
The global equator-to-pole variations in SST are best explained by the ______.
locations of mountain ranges
influx of rivers and streams into the oceans
supply of insolation
locations of upwelling zones
9
shorter wavelength have lower energy
False
True
10
Glaciers can merge, becoming a wider and thicker glacier
False
True
11
advenction = cells
False
True
12
In a negative feedback loop, the response:
Counteracts the stimulus
Does not impact the stimulus
Promotes the stimulus
13
The warmer, less dense upper portion of the ocean that absorbs energy from the Sun is called the ______ zone.
biotic
yellow
photic
illumination
14
Earth is an oblate spheroid
True
False
15
Which is not a map projection?
sinusoidal
circular
plana
conical
16
sun rays radiates _____ energy
ecstatic
colorful
shortwave
longwave
17
A positive feedback loop ______________________.
stabilizes a system
always results in a beneficial change to a system
increases a change to a system
decreases a change to a system
18
A drainage basin is also called a_______ & _________
reservoir and dam
Alluvium & Stream channel
waterflow & fluvial
watershed and catchment
19
soil = landscape stability & sediment = instability
False
True
20
These are all types of glaciers, except
vertical glacier
alpine glacier
valley glacier
Ice Sheet
21
Why do equatorial regions tend to have warmer ocean waters but lower-than-average salinities?
The rain in the equatorial regions is less saline than other regions.
Warmer freshwater flows from subtropical regions toward the equator.
They are subjected to warm atmospheric temperatures but high rainfall.
Salt is evaporated due to high insolation, leaving warm freshwater behind.
22
How does the EMR created by the Sun get delivered to Earth?
convection
conduction
advection
radiation
23
Loam is a mixture of sand, silt and clay
True
False
24
soil forms a horizontal sequence of layers called a profile
True
False
25
Which color of visible light has the SHORTEST wavelength?
Violet
They are all equal
Yellow
Red
26
What is base flow?
the lowest water level in a given stream
Normal water level in a given stream
the highest water level in a given stream
when the water is high enough to float on a tube down the stream
27
sublimation is when water molecules can fo directly from a solid to a vapor
True
False
28
migratory high and low-pressure systems
zonal flows
primary circulation
secondary circulation
tertiary circulation
29
Which of the following statements is true regarding Walker-like cells outside of the Pacific?
The circulation pattern is north-south outside of the Pacific.
Surface-level winds are always west to east as in the Pacific.
The heavy rains occur in the descending air outside of the Pacific.
They are all driven by the warm air rising above warm pools.
30
What is Alluvium?
the bubbles in a stream
the overall flow of a stream into an ocean
the last river in an order of streams
the material deposited by a stream
31
Where is the Laurentide Ice Sheet?
Wester Mexico
western North America
Eastern North America
Europe
32
Ice sheets are ______. select all that apply
large continental-scale accumulations of ice
composed of angular rock fragments surrounding a slowly moving core of ice
confined to narrow, mountainous valleys
found in Antarctica and Greenland
33
If the Southern Oscillation Index is positive (higher pressure in Tahiti), which of the following will most likely occur
Higher pressures will exist in the eastern Pacific from Chile to California
Higher pressures will exist in Darwin, Australia.
Higher pressure will exist in Maritime Southeast Asia & into Indian Ocean.
34
During an ice age, when most glaciers and ice sheets are advancing: ______ period; when they are retreating: ______
permafrost; defrost
progressive; regressive
glacial; interglacial
prograde; retrograde
35
what process associated with hurricanes releases tremendous amounts of latent heat?
The movement along the ocean surface
condensation of water vapor into rainfall
Evaporation of water from the ocean's surface
rotational movement of the storm
36
A glacier ______. select ALL the apply.
typically moves from lower to higher elevations
can cover a continent
may be restricted to a single valley
is a moving mass of ice
37
Ozonsphere is part of the stratosphere
True
False
38
What is the atmosphere?
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
39
Ionosphere absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays and some UV
False
True
40
What is the minimum amount of years a climogrpah will use for the data?
5 years
20 years
30 years
1 year
41
Earth radiates ________ energy
no
shortwave
longwave
middlewave
42
What type of energy is due to the motion of objects
Schematic
Latent
Kinetic
Potential
43
What is saturation in relation to humidity
rate of evaporation = rate of condensation
when the air feels very dense
whensomething is really wet
when something condesates so much it drips
44
Warm pools can set up ______.
a region of intense deep-water formation
an east-west circuit of air through the tropics
a north-south circuit of air between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
intense vertical air movements that reach into the mesosphere
45
The atmoshpere is held in place both by buoyancy force directed upward and ________ which is directed downward
Gravity
The Moon
Organisms
Atmospheric Pressure
46
Select the statement below that accurately characterizes how often the atmosphere and oceans interact.
They interact constantly.
They interact only a few times each day.
They interact only during daylight hours.
They interact only at night when insolation is zero.
47
Glaciers form only in areas where snowfall _____ snowmelt.
is less than
is greater than
is equal to
48
What are the two main roles of the hydrologic cycle? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
To dissolve materials, such as minerals from rocks
To play a part in the conversion of solar energy to other forms of energy
move water in and out different parts of Earth's systems
To maintain a stable global climate
49
The top of a glacier moves in a ______ fashion; the middle of the glacier behaves ______.
platic; brittely
brittle; plastically
50
How long does it take the earth to rotate 15 degrees ?
10 hours
1 year
1 hour
24 hours
51
Interactions between Earth's atmosphere and surface determines the ______,______, and habitabiltiy of an area
weather, climate
latirutde, longitude
gravity, magnetic field
climate, tectonics
52
what types of electromagnetic radiation do we attempt to block with sunscreen?
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Microwaves
Cosmic Rays
53
Chemosynthetic: How some bacteria can derive what they need from chemical in environment
False
True
54
The atmoshpere is the ___________.
only sphere around the planet that contains no solid particles
Gas around Earth's surface that contains greater than 90% oxygen
Layer of the sky that contains enough oxygen to support animal life
Relatively thin layer of gas that surrounds Earth's surface
55
What is the approximate average albedo on Earth?
0.22
0.45
0.31
0.69
56
The mercury thermometer operates on the principle of
Wien's law
liquid expansion and contraction
thermoelectric principles
energy emission from a surface
57
what measures wind direction?
anemometer
beaufort scale
licking my finger and testing the wind
wind vane
58
The linked responses of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation are known by the acronym_________
EFGT
ESNO
ENSO
LESN
59
A Nick point is a change in elevation for a horizontal distance
False
True
60
Discharge is recorded in m2/f or f2/ft
True
False
61
How many time zones are there?
30
21
24
19
62
The Ice Ages ____________
are times when there was more ice and snow over the past 2 million years
glaciers are now made of mostly ice and before they were made of snow
when mammoths ruled the world
experienced more ice at the equator than at other times in Earth's past
63
The combined global scale flow of surface and deep water is called the ______.
Earth's ocean current (EOC)
deep-water highway
motion of the ocean
thermohaline conveyor
64
Water flowing in a river exhibits ______ energy, and water stored in a reservoir above a dam exhibits ______ energy.
potential, kinetic
kinetic, potential
65
A liquid has a lower relative energy content than gas
False
True
66
Maps can preserve shapes and areas at the same time
True
False
67
The climatic water balance estimates ______.
precipitation totals around the world.
amount of water in each store and its rate of movement through the H cycle
the amount of water imported into and out of each individual country
68
Soil is a natural material composed of rock fragments and organic matter
False
True
69
Energy reaching earth is mostly at wavelength of visible light and UV
False
True
70
local base level controls how far down local streams can erode
False
True
71
What is the ultimate base level?
a lake
a stream bed
a lake in a drought
the ocean
72
Individua layers of soil are called _______
verticals
part 1, 2, 3, etc.
soil layers
horizons
73
When a city is built in an area that used to be rural, floods become ____________ in height and ________ in duration.
taller and shorter
no change
taller and longer
74
What is the thermohaline conveyor?
The cold circumpolar current around the continent of Antarctica
the flow between the Arctic Ocean and Atlantic Ocean
surface winds that connects the descending air of the subtropics
The combined global-scale flow of surface and deep water
75
Potential energy is best expressed when
changing a liquid to a gas
atoms are moving at 500km/hr
atomes are moving at 200km/hr
pulling or pushing an object
76
Soil color suggest __________
physiology
biology
chemistry
stability
77
What term describes the average length of time that a drop of water remains in a particular store?
Residence time
Holding time
Store time
Flux
78
What are exotic species?
species introduces by humans from other parts of the world
When something seems exotic
species that are created through cross-breading
colorful animals brought to America
79
What is the major surface-water circulation in the Indian Ocean?
An alternating west (spring) and then east (fall) flowing current across
A counterclockwise gyre south of the equator
An alternating north (winter) and then south (summer) flowing current
A clockwise gyre north of the equator
80
Select all that apply: which of these are types of symbiosis
mutualism
selectism
parasitism
mimcry
81
What is a K-selected species?
species with many offspring with a high mortality rate and less nurturing
species with infrequent or few offspring with more nurtuing
82
What does CFCs stand for in atmospheric science
carcinogens from carbon
cool for college
chromium ferrous cyanide
chlorofluorocarbons
83
A biome are adjcent ecosystems that have a distinctive collection of flora and fauna
False
True
84
The number of trees, plants and other vegetation is an indication of biodiversity
False
True
85
A Glacier is a moving mass of ice, with rocks and finer sediment
False
True
86
Wind speed increases the higher into the atmosphere you go
True
False
87
Differences in air pressure causes ait to tend to flow from areas of
high pressure to low pressure
does not change
medium pressure to low pressure
low pressure to high pressure
88
What is the name used for the series of interacting circular surface currents in the ocean?
gyres
circuits
cyclones
orbits
89
a meandering stream has low sinuosity
False
True
90
Acid rain usually falls as what kind of acid
acetic acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid
hydrochloric acid
91
define drainage basin
the area that the basin drains to
the second stream; after the first stream
a gurgling brook
the area that drains into a stream
92
As one approaches the poles from lower latitudes, the Sun angle __________ and atmosphere attenuation __________.
increases; decreases
decreases, decreases
increases; increases
decreases; increases
93
soils + ecosystem = biome
True
False
94
Salinity and temperature decrease in a rather simple linear fashion with increasing depth in the ocean.
True
False
95
Why is it so hard to breathe at the tope of Mt. Everest?
low temps freeze the air
strong winds remove breatheable air
the air is too dense to process
relatively little atmoshpere
96
A Koppen Climate Classification System subdivides climate based on temperature, precipitation, and seasonality
False
True
97
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Water Vapor
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
98
what is not a natural factor that affects air pollution?
Temperature inversion
houses
Local and regional landscapes
Winds
99
A line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure or on average at a given time
millibar
candybar
isobar
pressure
100
high biodiversity = monoculture
True
False
