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AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020
AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020
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1
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning.
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
2
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
CT (CAT)
MRI
PET
3
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified as ________________.
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
4
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
median
mean
5
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
6
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation?
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
7
which psychologist would agree w/ the following:
behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
William James
8
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods?
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
9
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
10
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people may believe that the employee is a male.
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
language acquisition device
11
Physiological reactions like
surprise
or
shock
are controlled by which part of the NS
Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Endocrine system
12
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
13
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
14
A musicians ability to discern between two similar pitches depends on which concept?
signal detection theory
difference threshold
Weber's Law
absolute threshold
15
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
16
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
17
People who watch violent movies are more likely to behave violently. Which statement reflects which of the following?
latent learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
18
The limbic system plays an important role in which of the following?
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
19
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
postconventional
20
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
21
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal?
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
22
Jen's friend shows video evidence of her husband kissing another woman. Jen is in denial about her husband's affair.
belief perserverence
confirmation bias
availability heuristic
functional fixedness
23
Which structure is located in the brainstem?
sensory cortex
thalamus
medulla
cerebral cortex
24
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support?
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter two-factor theory
Opponent Process Theory
25
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
26
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
27
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping?
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
28
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe.
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
29
Our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
30
Which of the following serves as an insulator facilitating the electrical aspect of neural transmission?
axon terminal
neurotransmiters
dendrites
myelin sheath
31
Reporting the effect of drinking alcohol on self-consciousness, researchers specify how self-consciousness is measured.
Single-blind procedure
Operational definition
Survey
Independent variable
32
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
33
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is _____________.
continuous
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
34
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language?
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
35
In people, rods, unlike cones, _______________.
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
36
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter?
Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
37
Learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
38
Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?
Freud's Wish-Fulfillment
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Social Influence Theory
Dissociation Theory
39
Classical Conditioning involves __________; Operant Conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
40
Which of the following correlations expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?
-0.67
+0.10
+0.66
-0.10
41
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
42
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan?
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
43
This school of thought studies mental processes includes thinking, memory, making decisions, judgements, encoding, etc.
psychoanalytic approach
Humanistic
cognitive approach
Evolutionary
44
What type of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time?
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
45
Which is an example of an implicit memory?
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
46
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment?
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
47
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
48
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept does this statement explain?
Difference threshold
Absolute threshold
Weber's Law
Just noticeable difference
49
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to ______________.
hemispheric lateralization
long-term potentiation
neuroplasticity
blindsight
50
What is the first step in any example of Classical Conditioning?
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
51
Ethical principles developed by the APA urged psychological investigators to
Forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypothesis of study
Ensure that participants give informed consent before participating
Avoid use of monetary incentives to recruit participants
Avoid the use of the lab when behaviors of interest can be observed
52
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
53
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound?
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
54
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the Standard IQ Scale or the WAIS (Mean: 100, SD:15)
84
50
95
68
55
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where?
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
56
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
57
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
58
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
59
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
60
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again. Punishment or Reinforcer?
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
negative reinforcement
61
Which of the following properties of sound would be most similar to color/hue of light?
Amplitude
Timbre
Pitch
Loudness
62
Retelling the story about your 13th birthday is an example of which type of memory?
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
implicit memory
63
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
James-Lange theory of emotion
64
Circadian rhythm refers to:
A pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
The pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.
The cycle of four stages that we experience during a normal night of sleep.
The experience of jet lag following an extensive transoceanic flight.
65
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior.
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
66
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
67
Joe has a serious memory problem. Which neurotransmitter is Joe most likely deficient?
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
GABA
68
At 1:00am, Mrs. Willems gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of her brain activity is most likely to indicate
REM
Alpha waves
Beta waves
Delta waves
69
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
linear perspective
retinal disparity
70
Light enters the eye through an opening in the ____________ .
iris
fovea
blind spot
retina
71
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
optic nerve
rods
72
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
73
The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size, regardless of its distance from the viewer, known as
Color constancy
Shapte constancy
Depth constancy
Size constancy
74
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another?
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft (terminal buttons)
75
Which structure is part of the inner ear?
Hammer
Eardrum (tympanic membrane)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
76
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to do which of the following?
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
77
Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests?
achievement
standardized
triarchic
projective
78
This approach is states that human behavior springs from from unconscious drives and conflicts and sexual drives?
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
79
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
confirmation bias
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
80
Nicole has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she’s very relaxed, she has not fallen asleep
Alpha waves
REM
Theta waves
Delta waves
81
A student earns an A+ in her AP Psych class. Which kind of reinforcer is the grade?
secondary
primary
partial
continuous
82
In the model of information processing, memories are first stored in _______________.
procedural memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
83
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense?
touch
sight
hearing
balance
84
Which research technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias?
Hindsight bias
Double-blind study
Single-blind study
Hawthorne effect
85
Garcia's research w/ coyotes & sheep using taste aversions established which US/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
86
What value, or percentage, will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant?
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
87
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
outliers
modes
variances
88
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
confounding variables
placebo effect
89
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
90
Which of the following psychological disorders has been linked to a deficit of dopamine?
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism