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Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence
Duplicate of Cognitive Psychology: Memory, Thinking, Language, Testing/Intelligence
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1
Successful people who have intelligence and grit, demonstrate the importance of ability and
heritability
validity
aptitude
motivation
2
Which is not one of Sternberg's 3 intelligences?
Practical
Mathematical
Analytical
Creative
3
Human communication differs from animal communication in our use of:
phonemes.
syntax.
vocal sounds.
morphemes.
4
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
telegraphic speech
morpheme
phoneme
babble
5
"1 is a bun, 2 is a shoe" is a _____ device called a ____ system.
priming; semantic encoding
mnemonic; peg-word
semantic; chunking
working memory; spacing effect
6
What are the changes in our nervous system that enhance memory storage?
next-in-line effect
dendrite growth
automatic processing
long-term potentiation
7
Learning info when drunk. Can't remember when sober, but remembering again when drunk.
state-dependent memory.
spacing effect
flashbulb memory
context-dependent memory
8
A statistical procedure that can be used to identify clusters of closely related test items is
Split-Half Analysis
Factor Analysis
Crystallized Intelligence
IQ
9
What are the 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model in the correct order?
flashbulb, working, long-term
sesnory, short-term, long-term
working, short-term, long-term
visual, short-term, long-term
10
What will determine whether you take the WAIS or the WISC?
your age
your reading ability
the training of the administrator
your primary language
11
The finding that women scored higher on math tests when no males were present supports
stereotype threat
self-fulfilling prophecy
physical attraction
gender bias
12
What kind of test is the AP exam?
Aggregate
Aptitutide
Achievement
Valid
13
What is a memory that seems almost perfectly clear because of its emotional impact?
traumatic
photographic
flashbulb
sensory
14
The USA went to war with Iraq on the false belief it had weapons of mass destruction . Ex. of ?
heuristics
ignorance
confirmation bias
fixation
15
As we age, what tends to increase?
fluid intelligence
convergent thinking
divergent thinking
crystallized intelligence
16
In the traditional formula, if a 10 year old has a mental age of 12, what is her IQ?
120
100
110
90
17
Even though the link has been disproven, many do not vaccinate for fear it causes autism. Why?
Functional fixedness
Representativeness Heuristic
Belief Perseverance
Confirmation Bias
18
Essay tests measure ___ & multiple choice tests measure ___.
retrieval; encoding
recall; recognition
long-term memory; short term memory
recognition; recall
19
What did Lewis Terman create?
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
Binet Intelligence Test
Alpha-Beta Test of Intelligence
20
Chomsky believes our capacity for language is natural and quick because of
sequential developmental stages.
language being entirely inborn.
behavioral conditioning.
a language acquisition device.
21
Asked to spell "shop" then asked "what do you do at a green light?" most answer stop. Why?
priming
chunking
working retriveal
tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
22
The best way to find information stored in memory is to use
explicit memory
auditory processing
iconic memory
retrieval cues
23
Not remembering all the details of a common penny is an example of ____ failure.
recall
encoding
misinformation
state-dependent
24
Who is the designer of the most widely used intelligence test today?
Binet
Terman
Wechsler
Stern
25
When solving a math problem in your head, you hold the information
here
while you calculate.
rehearsal memory
conscious memory
working memory
iconic memory
26
Learning something new makes recall of previously learned info more difficult is an example of?
misinformation effect
proactive interference
retroactive interference
persistence
27
What is the forumula for IQ?
chronological age X mental age /100
mental age/chronological age X 100
chronological age / mental age X 100
28
What is the best way to study for a test?
Audio tape the info and replay in your sleep
The night before the test, so it is fresh in your mind.
Rehearse repeatedly the night before.
Spread the studying across many days
29
Intellectual disabilities include difficulty living independently and an IQ
60 or less
less than 100
70 or less
85 or less
30
Brain scans of those with higher intelligence show
smaller frontal lobes than average people.
greater fluid intelligence than average people.
more gray matter & less white matter than average people.
less energy required to solve problems than average people.
31
What is making info meaningful so that we can store it in memory?
sensory memory
construction
encoding
flashbulb
32
The tendency to approach a problem in a certain way esp. one that worked in the past.
heuristics
mental set
algorithm
prototype
33
Mary was out of coffee filters.She didn't think to use a paper towel. What is this an ex. of?
algorithm
functional fixedness
framing
availability heuristic
34
Jamie remembered something from a dream she believed really happened. What is this an ex. of?
repression
source amnesia
encoding
eyewitness testimony
35
Thinking without language
is not possible.
occurs more often in cultures without language.
can improve our performance on the basketball court.
is found only in animals.
36
Police want to use a hypnotist to help a victim recall repressed memories. What do you advise?
The victim may be too emotional to remember.
Use a highly trained hypnotist.
They should also use a truth serum.
Recovered memories under hypnosis are unreliable.
37
Who believed that language is learned only through the environment-conditioning/modeling?
Skinner
Broca
Chomsky
Whorf
38
By the time infants are 10 months old,
they can speak full sentences.
their babbling reflects the features of the home language.
their babbling is universal across all cultures.
they are putting 2 words together.
39
What is the brief visual memory that is like a snapshot that lasts for less than a second?
short-term
iconic
working
echoic
40
Asian students outperform North American students in math achievement tests because
Asian students spend much more time studying math.
American students watch too much TV.
American students have more important things to do.
Asians are genetically superior at math.
41
Howard Gardner believes intelligence should be defined:
within the context of a particular culture
as a measure of emotion
in terms of multiple factors
with a triarchic factor
42
What is the bell-shaped pattern that standardized tests should follow?
correlational distribution
average distrbution
normal curve
scatterplot
43
What part of the brain is important for new, explicit memories?
basal ganglia
hippocampus
hypothalamus
cerebellum
44
What is Whorf's theory that differences in language cause differences in perceptions/thinking?
linguistic determinism
perceptual change theory
displacement hypothesis
linguistic shift
45
We can remember how to do something but can't consciously explain it. What type of memory?
declarative
episodic
explicit
implicit
46
According to the self-reference effect, we remember information when
we saw the event first-hand.
information holds personal meaning.
someone told us directly.
we have been directly accused of something.
47
People with an extreme ability combined with autism or other CNS problems have
the g factor
savant syndrome
heritability
a mental disability
48
The serial position effect describes our tendency to
remember things when in numerical order
remember first & last items of a list best
remember 1st items of a list more than last items
remember what we had for breakfast
49
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
7 +/- 2
12 +/- 3
20 +/- 4
3 +/- 1
50
Which of the following is not helpful when encoding new information?
semantic encoding
distributed practice
self-reference effect
massed practice
51
Because the WAIS and WISC are standardized, 68% of the IQ scores are between:
85 to 115
95 to 105
90 to 110
85 to 120
52
Being able to respond appropriately when interacting with others suggests:
multiple intelligences
creative intelligence
emotional intelligence
street smarts
53
When a measurement yields the same results each time it is used, it has a high
standardization
reliability
validity
correlation
54
As adopted children grow up, their intelligence
varies according to their environment
is much more like their biological parents
is much more like their adoptive parents
is much more like their adoptive siblings
55
Students wanting to improve tests scores should
think more often.
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves getting an A.
cram the night before each test.
spend 5 minutes every day imaging themselves studying.
56
What kind of processing do you use when you study info - you work at it and pay attention.
redundant
meaningful
effortful
deliberate
57
Why do we recall more sad events when we are currently sad?
flashbulb memory
mood-congruent memory
iconic memory
melancholic memory
58
No screwdriver? Can't fix it. You don't think to use a butter knife instead.
Framing
Functional Fixedness
Belief Bias
Confirmation Bias
59
Gambling is perpetuated partly b/c we can easily remember the times we won. Example of?
false memory
prototypes
availability heuristic
source amnesia
60
Girls are inherently better than boys at all of the following except:
learning/remembering words
finding things
spelling
mentally dealing with 3 dimensional objects
61
What is the driver's test?
achievement test
aptitude test
reliability test
predictive validity test
62
Who believed the g factor describes general, overall intelligence?
Simon
Spearman
Terman
Sternberg
63
Politicians label a military action as a "preemptive strike" NOT "invasion." Why?
reverse psychology
lying
framing
confirmation bias
64
What does deep processing involve?
iconic encoding
visual encoding
acoustic encoding
semantic encoding
