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Answers
1
Sapiens and Neandertals interbred
True
False
2
What is postcanine megadonita?
When the post molars are much larger than the molars
When the canines are larger than the molars
When the molars are smaller than the canines
When the molars are much larger than the canines
3
Australopithecus had _____ compared to Homo species
Curved fingers and toes
No opposable thumb
Opposable big toes
Straighter fingers and toes
4
How old are the Laetoli footprints?
3 mya
3.6 mya
2.6 mya
2 mya
5
Where are the oldest sapien remains found outside of Africa?
Misliya Cave
Greece
Israel
Lascaux Cave
6
What does hominids include?
Great apes, modern humans, and extinct relatives
Great apes and modern humans
Modern humans and extinct relatives
Just great apes
7
What is the difference in Homo Erectus and Homo Ergaster?
They are the same
They are from different countries
Ergaster never left Africa
Early african forms are sometimes considered Ergaster
8
What was the cranial capacity of Australopithecus Afarensis?
450 cc
500 cc
550 cc
650 cc
9
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Longer upper limbs
Non opposable big toe
Smaller heel
C-shaped spinal curve
10
Which is NOT a feature of Neandertals?
Barrel chested
Shorter Limbs
Robust post crania
Straighter toes
11
What did the remains found in Misliya cave reveal?
That sapiens evolved earlier in africa than we thought
That sapiens did not begin evolving in Africa
The there were homo species that came from different lines
That sapiens evolved in separate groups
12
What does Hominins include?
Modern humans, extinct relatives, and great apes
Just extinct relatives of modern humans
Modern humans and extinct relatives
Just modern humans
13
Which of these is NOT a reason we would have been able to outlive Neandertals?
We were faster
We had a lower energy requirement
We could outbreed them
We were more adaptable
14
Which trait was not evidence of bipedalism in Ardi?
Feet
Lumbar
Sacrum
Toes
15
Where was Sahelanthropus Tchadensis found?
Sudan
London
Kenya
Chad
16
What did Selam teach us about Afarensis' rates of development?
Slower than chimps, faster than humans
Faster than humans, slower than apes
Slower than apes, faster than humans
Faster than humans, slower than chimps
17
Which arboreal feature did australopithecus afarensis NOT have?
Long arms
Gorilla like shoulders
Opposable big toe
Curved fingers and toes
18
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's thorax?
starts human like but becomes more advanced
starts ape like but becomes more advanced
starts human like but becomes more ape like
starts ape like but becomes more human like
19
What feature is used to argue that Sahelanthropus Tchadensis was bipedal?
Spine Shape
Pelvis Shape
Foramen Magnum
Femurs
20
How old is the Omo Kibish fossils?
165k years
170k years
205k years
195k years
21
Where was the Proconsul found?
Daga Island, Ethiopia
Manda Island, Kenya
Dek Island, Ethiopia
Ruainga Island, Kenya
22
What is the intramembral index (IMI)?
forelimbs/hindlimbsx100
hindlimbs/forelimbsx100
forelimbs/hindlimbs/100
hindlimbs/forelimbs/100
23
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's pelvis?
Outward facing
Very small
Narrow and constrained
Wide and flared
24
How old is Jebel Irhoud?
300k years
200k years
400k years
100k years
25
When did Australopithecus Afarensis live?
3.9-2.9 mya
5.9-4.9 mya
3.9-2.9 mya
2.9-1.9mya
26
How old are the sapien remains found in Misliya Cave, Israel?
190k years
150k years
200k years
100k years
27
What is gracile mean?
Slim
Sturdy
Delicate
Strong
28
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's arms/hands?
Gorilla-like
Ape-like
Primative
Human-like
29
Which of these is not a characteristic of H. Habilis?
1 meter tall
Longer arms
S-curve spine
Prognathic face
30
What type of melanin to lightly pigmented people have?
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin
31
In what country were the Herto and Omo Kibish fossils found?
Sudan
Ethiopia
Kenya
Zimbabwe
32
What is true about Neandertal burials?
The aways buried their dead with items
The were deliberate
They buried in mass graves
The did not bury their dead
33
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's shoulders?
Gorilla-like shoulders
Completely unique
Chimp-like shoulders
Ape-like shoulders
34
When did Sahelanthropus Tchadensis live?
7-6 mya
10-5 mya
5-6 mya
8-9 mya
35
What type of stone tools did H. Erectus use?
Shards/Handaxe
Biface/Spears
Chopper/Shards
Hand Axe/Biface
36
What was NOT a type of art made by early sapiens?
Petroglyphs
Fire staining
Cave paintings
Beads for jewelry
37
What is the expensive tissue hypothesis?
omnivorus diet to compensate for the brains energy need
cooking over fire came along to get more nutrients from food
animal based died to compensate for the brains energy need
plant based diet to compensate for the brains energy need
38
Which of these is NOT a key feature of Homo Sapiens?
No retromolar space
Molar pattern
Parabolic dental arch
Gracile crania
39
What tool technology was used by H. Habilis?
Spears
Lomekwian Techno Complex
Oldwan Bifacial Chopper
Stone Tools
40
How does melanin help other species?
Makes them poisonous
Camoflauge
Speed
Tanning
41
When did Ardipithecus Ramidus live?
5-4.4 mya
5.5-4 mya
6.4-5.2 mya
4 mya
42
Which of these is NOT a key feature of Homo Sapiens?
No browridge
Narrow Noses
Large Brains
Smaller feet
43
What is the selective pressure for the production of darkly pigmented skin in areas with high UV radiation intensity?
More production of folate
Protection of folate from UV
Exposure of folate to UV
Less production of folate
44
When did sapiens and neandertals overlap?
50,000-20,000 years ago
80,000-50,000 years ago
60,000-50,000 years ago
80,000-70,000 years ago
45
When did the proconsul live?
25 mya - 23 mya
5 mya - 300 thousand years ago
23 mya
23 mya - 5 mya
46
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Smaller chins
Less prognathic faces
More prognathic faces
Larger jaws
47
Which is NOT a characteristic of H. Erectus/Ergaster?
More parabolic dental arcade
More C-shaped spinal curve
Large browridge
Sagittal keel
48
What is a supraorbital torus?
The space between the eyes
Brow ridge
The forehead
How far to the sides a species can see
49
What is the variability selection hypothesis?
Humans evolved to be adaptable
Evolution was driven by changing enviroments
Evolition was driven by forest enviroments
Evolution happened by chance
50
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Smaller cranium
C-shaped spinal curve
Foramen magnum placement
Short toes
51
Which of these is NOT a key feature of Homo Sapiens?
Distinct chin
No prognathism
Larger molars
Smaller teeth
52
What species was H. Heidelbergensis between?
Erectus and Ergaster
Erectus and Sapiens
Neandertals and Sapiens
Erectus and Neandertals
53
What traits of Ardi are arboreal?
Tail
Grasping Feet
Curved Fingers
Long Femurs
54
What are the four adaptations we use to define the homo genus?
Brain over 700cc, longer lower limbs, art, tools use
Brain over 1000cc, longer upper limbs, language use, fire use
Brain over 500cc, opposable thumb, tool use, use of fire
Brain over 600cc, similar to sapien proportions, language use, tool use
55
What do scientists infer from the lack of variation in the MC1R gene among African populations?
Low variation = long term selection for dark skin
Low variation = short term selection for light skin
Low variation = long term selection for dark skin
Low variation = short term selection for dark skin
56
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Extra ribs
Robust lower back vertebrae
Shorter fingers
Sharper pelvis
57
What trait of Ardi was terrestrial?
Pelvis shape
Long Femur
Brain size
Opposable big toe
58
How old is the Herto fossils?
90k years
100k years
160k years
130k years
59
What do we know about Austalopithecines diets?
Carnivores
Adapted to hard foods
Adapted to soft foods
Herbivores
60
What is the Savannah Hypothesis?
Opposable thumbs were developed for swinging between trees
Bipedalism evolved due to open grasslands
Melanin evolved to protect from sunlight in open grasslands
Bipedalism evolved due to different types of trees
61
When did H. Heidelbergensis live?
750,000-250,000 years ago
200,000-250,000 years ago
750,000-165,000 years ago
650,000-150,000 years ago
62
What is the Forest Hypothesis?
Opposable thumbs evolved to climb in trees
Bipedalism evolved in forested enviroments
Bipedalism evolved from open grasslands
Opposable big toes went away to support walking in forests
63
What is the oldest possible Homo Sapien?
Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
Herto, Ethiopia
Omo Kibish, Ethiopia
Ndutu, Tanzanie
64
What was H. Erectus the first to do?
First hominin to have a language
First Hominin to walk bipedally
First hominin to leave Africa
First hominin to eat a meat based diet
65
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Longer legs
Slimmer bodies
Longer arms
Larger teeth
66
What kind of environment did Ardi live in?
Thick forest enviroment
Hybrid enviroment
Grassland enviroment
Wooded enviroment
67
Australopithecus had smaller teeth than Homo
False
True
68
What species likely left the Laetoli footprints?
Ardipithecus
H. Neandertal
A. Afarensis
H. Habilis
69
When did Australopithecus Afarensis live?
South Africa
East Africa
North Africa
West Africa
70
Which of these was NOT a benefit of tool use?
Food Processing
Building
Defense
Hunting
71
What is a sagittal crest?
The border of the brow ridge
A ridge of bone on top of the skull
The connection between the cranium and the lower jaw
A fin
72
Which of these is NOT an advantage of being able to use/control fire
Predator protection
Predation
Making new art
Food options
73
Australopithecus had smaller brains than Homo
False
True
74
When did the Denisovans live?
200,000-100,000 years ago
150,000-50,000 years ago
300,000-50,000 years ago
300,000-15,000 years ago
75
What does robust mean?
Slim
Strong
Sturdy
Delicate
76
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Smaller walking strides
Better running skills
Less efficient bipedalism
More efficient bipedalism
77
Which is NOT a characteristic of H. Erectus/Ergaster?
Distinct Chin
Occipital Torus
Football shaped skull
Larger cranial capacity
78
How many fossils were found in the H. Naledi excavation?
16 individuals, 1,643 fossils
15 indiviuals, 1,574 fossils
13 individuals, 1,325 fossils
18 individuals, 1,921 fossils
79
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Larger brains with slower development
Smaller brains with faster development
Smaller brains with slower development
Larger brains with faster development
80
When did Ardi live?
3 mya
4.4 mya
5 mya
3.6 mya
81
Which species was NOT one of the contenders for first biped?
Orrorin Tugensis
Ardipithecus Kadabba
Sagelanthropus
Australopithecus
82
Australopithecus had _____ compared to Homo species
Larger feet
Smaller feet
Longer legs
Longer arms
83
When do the first apes appear in the fossil record?
9 mya
25 mya
7 mya
23 mya
84
What is true about Denisovans
They were more related to humans than neandertals
They did not interbred with humans
Their DNA was very different from neandertals and sapiens
The were found far away from other fossils
85
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Opposable big toe
Longer spine
Longer toes
Bowl-shaped pelvis
86
What type of melanin to darkly pigmented people have?
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin
87
When did Neandertals go extinct?
60,000 years ago
50,000 years ago
30,000 years ago
40,000 years ago
88
Which body part does melanin NOT color?
Toenails
Hair
Eyes
Feathers
89
What trait was NOT evidence of arboreal living in Ardi?
Limb length
Non-opposable big toe
Feet
Hands
90
How old are the H. Erectus found at the Dmanisi site?
2.1 mya
1.7 mya
2 mya
1.9 mya
91
When did H. Naledi live?
250,000-350,000 years ago
150,000-50,000 years ago
300,000-400,000 years ago
200,000-300,000 years ago
92
Who originated the savannah hypothesis?
Gregor Mendel
Raymond Dart
Alfred Russel Wallace
Charles Darwin
93
What is the difference in H. Erectus and H. Ergaster
H. Erectus lived in Asia H. Ergaster lived in Asia
H. Erectus ate meat and H. Ergaster ate plants
H. Erectus had language and H. Ergaster did not
H. Erectus had longer legs than H. Ergaster
94
When does H. Erectus first appear on the scene?
1.9-2 mya
1.8-1.9 mya
2-3 mya
2-2.1 mya
95
What was H. Naledi's cranial capacity?
600 cc
550 cc
590 cc
610 cc
96
How old are the oldest definitive sapiens?
250,000 years old
275,000 years old
200,000 years old
300,000 years old
97
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Rounded knee caps
Longer pelvis
Shorter upper limbs
Longer upper limbs
98
What are the oldest stone tools we know of?
Oldwan Bifacial Chopper 2.9 mya
Lomekwian Techno Complex 3.3 mya
Oldwan Bifacial Chopper 3.3 mya
Lomekwian Techno Complex 2.9 mya
99
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's head size?
The size of a strawberry
The size of a watermelon
The size of an orange
The size of an apple
100
What trait did tool use NOT likely contribute to Homo?
Bigger brains
Adaptability
Smaller teeth
Opposable thumbs
101
What is prognathism?
How flat a face is
When the lower face juts out
When the jaw is not aligned
When the chin pokes inward
102
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Smaller ankles
Slimmer bodies
Larger feet
Larger bodies
103
How old are the oldest possible H. Sapiens?
300,000 years old
200,000 years old
375,000 years old
250,000 years old
104
Homo species had ____ compared to australopithecus
Larger teeth
Smaller teeth
More molars
More baby teeth
105
Which of these is NOT a key feature of Homo Sapiens?
Postorbital bar
No post orbital constriction
Rounded skull
Flat forehead
106
How big was Gigantopithecus?
10 feet tall
7 feet tall
5 feet tall
15 feet tall
107
When do sapiens most definitely appear in the fossil record?
200k-160k years ago
160k-100k years ago
100k years ago
250k-150k years ago
108
What was Neandertal's cranial capacity?
1400 cc
1000 cc
1200 cc
1500 cc
109
Which of these is a reason why H. Habilis may not belong in our genus?
It looks like australopithecus
Its just not homo
It has the same cranial capacity as some australopithicenes
It has a smaller cranial capacity than some australopithicenes
110
When did Gigantopithecus live?
300 thousand years ago
2 mya - 300 thousand years ago
5 mya
2 mya
111
What is a dental arcade?
The shape of the teeth
The types of molars a species has
How many teeth a species has
The teeth waiting to come in
112
What kind of raw data helped Dr. Nina Jablonski find the answer to her questions?
Spit samples
Interviews
Skin Cancer histories
UV maps
113
What selective pressure promotes the production of lightly pigmented skin in areas with low UV intensity?`
Minimizes vitamin D
Minimizes UV radiation
Maximizes UV radiation
Maximizes vitamin D
114
Which in one of the seven main skeletal adaptations to bipedalism?
Reduced forehead
S-shaped spinal curve
Curved fingers
Extra vertebrae in back
115
What is modern humans IMI?
60%
90%
70%
80%
116
When did Neandertals live?
100,000-50,000 years ago
175,000-50,000 years ago
150,000-30,000 years ago
120,000-100,000 years ago
117
Australopithecus had longer legs than Homo
False
True
118
When did A. Sediba live?
2.8-1 mya
1.8-2 mya
1.8-1.5 mya
2.5-2 mya
119
Where did H. Heidelbergensis live?
Europe and Asia
Europe and Africa
Just Africa
Asia and Africa
120
How does Berger describe H. Naledi's feet?
Very human-like
Very primative
Very unique
Very ape-like
