Exam #2 Review (SPR 2025)

 Which of the following is not a social reality with the American administration of criminal law? 

Which of the following is not a common pathway of crime for women in the U.S.?

 ________ incapacitation organizes offenders by crimes committed (eg. violent offenders, drug charges, etc.) 

 During the ___ policing era a formal system for recruitment, retention, and the promotion of officers were established.

True/False: class, race, and gender can impact the ways laws are enforced and administered

 _____ laws provided the opportunity for convicts to be hired out to plantation owners and private companies. 

___ aims to correct the behavior of offenders through educational, vocational, therapeutic intervention, and treatment

 _________ is based on the ideas of an eye for an eye. 

 ________ aims to deter offenders so that they are unable to engage in future crime.

The ___ is a comprehensive nationwide survey of victimization.

Plea bargains settle about _______ of convictions in the United States. 

True/False: 6.8 million people are under CJS supervision.

True/False: In the early stages of U.S. law enforcement, police officers were appointed by politicians. 

___ seeks to restore the health of the community, meet the needs of victims, and involve the offender in the process o

Which of the following is not a rationale used to justify punishment in the United States? 

 ______ seeks to uphold people’s negative rights, while ______ seeks to uphold people’s positive rights. 

______ incapacitation identifies offenders based on their criminal histories, and other personal characteristics

________ are enhanced sentencing laws for offenders previously convicted of felonies.

_______ decenters traditional forms of punishment through institutions. 

Which of the following is not a concept of Donald Black’s The Behavior of Law? 

_______ is a form of police corruption where officers may demand discounts from businesses. 

True/False: incarceration rates directly impact crime rates.

______ justice is concerned with crimes against humanity. 

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the "ideal victim?"

 _______ aims to prevent other potential offenders from engaging in crime by punishing offenders.

 ______ involves modifying character rather than punishing offenders.

________  is when police accept gifts for turning a blind eye to crime (nonenforcement). 

 Which of the following is not an example of a negative right? 

Which amendment allows for slavery to be legal as a punishment for individuals covicted of a crime?

______ refers to the removal or restriction of freedom of those who have been convicted of crime.

True/False: an overall deterrent effect has been proven by criminologists.

___ is the study of victims and victimization

True/False: Since the 1990s the U.S. had led the world highest incarceration rates.

True/False: offenders are incapacitated for more than one year for misdemeanors. 

The primary goal of the criminal justice system is to ______crime. 

True/False: children of incarcerated people are more likely to engage in delinquency.

Which of the following is the first step to being processed through the criminal justice system? 

True/False: white people are more likely to be victims of violent crimes

Which of the following is not a policy related concern of law enforcement? 

Formal police departments began to develop in the United States during the: 

True/False: Positive rights are provided by the government.

True/False: Criminal law is always objective 

 Which of the following is not a system of justice? 

_________ requires offenders to fulfill 85% of their sentences before being considered for parole.