How does the learning approach explain smoking maintenance?

Smoking to remove withdrawal symptoms is negative reinforcement

How can mindfulness help reduce stress?

By focusing on your breathing, you can lower your heart rate and stress

What is the definition of Cognitive bias?

A distorted way of thinking that occurs when we process information

Why would having a parent who liked to shop be a risk factor in shopping addiction?

Because of role modelling and vicarious reinforcement

What are the 3 elements of the Biopsychosocial model of health?

Biology, Psychology, social environment

What is learned helplessness?

Learning from experience that nothing helps, so why bother trying.

Why is internal Locus of control a good predictor of health?

Internals will be motivated to look after their own health

How could you use Hovland Yale Theory to help with an alcohol awareness campaign?

Use someone who has had an addiction to communicate the message.

How can you tell someone has taken information in using the peripheral route? (ELM)

They may have paid attention because of a celebrity endorsement

What is a weakness of the biological approach to smoking?

Not everyone gets addicted to nicotine, therefore is incomplete.

What is cognitive dissonance?

uncomfortable feeling knowing two conflicting facts

What is one way women have a different physiological response to stress than men?

Women may tend and befriend due to Oxytocin

How do we know someone is in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model?

They are researching support groups and making appointments

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Unit 3 pre exam

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Questions 20

Answers

1
How would you know that somebody's SAM pathway has been activated?
They are stressed and may cry
Their heart rate increases
They have developed an addiction
They fall asleep
2
How does the learning approach explain smoking maintenance?
People self medicate by smoking more
Smoking to remove withdrawal symptoms is negative reinforcement
Tolerance is where people need to smoke more
People will have irrational thoughts about smoking being good for them
3
Offering to help to someone or boosting their esteem are examples of what?
Skills training
biofeedback
Social Support
Stress inoculation
4
Cues to Action are from which model?
Theory of Planned Behaviour
Health Belief
Self Efficacy
Transtheoretical
5
The Theory of planned behaviour looks at the social environment/triggers someone has. What is this called?
Subjective norms
Personal attitudes
Behavioural intentions
Subject of discussion
6
How can mindfulness help reduce stress?
Because it means you can taste things again
Mindfulness doesn't work for stress
Because you get time to think of nice things
By focusing on your breathing, you can lower your heart rate and stress
7
What is the definition of Cognitive bias?
It is a form of stereotype
The uncomfortable feeling when we know two contradictory facts
A distorted way of thinking that occurs when we process information
A helpful way of thinking when we have to make quick decisions
8
Why would having a parent who liked to shop be a risk factor in shopping addiction?
Because it's fun
Because of role modelling and vicarious reinforcement
Because they can afford it
It's in the blood
9
What are the 3 elements of the Biopsychosocial model of health?
Biology, Psychology, social environment
Biochemistry, psychosis, socialism
Honesty, Generosity and Magic
Biosphere, psychiatry, socialites
10
What is learned helplessness?
Leaning to get others to do the work for you.
Blaming others for your behaviour.
Getting as much medication as you can.
Learning from experience that nothing helps, so why bother trying.
11
Why is too much fear a bad thing according to Fear Arousal Theory?
Because it stimulates fight or flight
Because people are apathetic
Too much fear makes people cry
Because people go into denial
12
Deciding not to carry on treatments by doing a cost benefit analysis is an example of what?
Learned Helplessness
Stress
Lack of support
Rational Non Adherence
13
Why is internal Locus of control a good predictor of health?
Internals have lower stress levels
Internals are vegetarians
Internals will be motivated to look after their own health
Because Externals just blame everyone else
14
How could you use Hovland Yale Theory to help with an alcohol awareness campaign?
Anyone will do to communicate this message
Tell them they are not to blame, it is genetics
Use someone who has had an addiction to communicate the message.
Tell them that alcoholism will kill them
15
How can you tell someone has taken information in using the peripheral route? (ELM)
They may have paid attention because of a celebrity endorsement
They don't understand the message
They were scared into action
They find the information relevant and paid attention straight away
16
What is a weakness of the biological approach to smoking?
People cannot cope without NRTs
Nictoine is very addictive, so everyone who smokes will be addicted.
It relies too heavily on dopamine
Not everyone gets addicted to nicotine, therefore is incomplete.
17
In the Self efficacy Theory, what element has the greatest influence on a person's ability?
Esteem Support
Vicarious Reinforcement
Emotional States
Mastery Experiences
18
What is cognitive dissonance?
Agreeing with someone you don't like
Using stereotypes to make rash decisions
uncomfortable feeling knowing two conflicting facts
A distorted way of thinking
19
What is one way women have a different physiological response to stress than men?
Women will cry when they are stressed due to oestrogen
women will tend and befriend due to Testosterone
Women may tend and befriend due to Oxytocin
Women will fight due to testosterone
20
How do we know someone is in the preparation stage of the Transtheoretical Model?
They are thinking about changing their behaviour
They haven't even thought they had an addiction
They are actively giving up their addiction
They are researching support groups and making appointments

Unit 3 pre exam Flashcards | StudBud