Which of the following most effectively allows forests to recover from tree harvesting?

cutting only medium-sized or mature trees

Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of

the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.

Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?

the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce

Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?

When birth rates and death rates are both high

Chaparral plants usually survive fires because

they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.

Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion?

driving farm machinery over fields

The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by

the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals

Climate in a region is

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions

A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that

warm air can hold more water vapor than an equal amount

results in nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei

A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are

involved in the formation of acid precipitation

Scientists predict population sizes by using

age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration

Erosion is most likely when the soil is

bare and exposed to wind and rain.

Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will

stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.

Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?

one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned

Which of the following is a good way to reduce salinization?

using rainwater instead of groundwater on crops

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Environmental Science Final Review

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Environmental science final review

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
mistletoe on a tree.
a roundworm in a human’s intestine.
a tick on a cat.
a cow in a pasture
2
Which of the following most effectively allows forests to recover from tree harvesting?
allowing the forest to reseed itself
cutting only young trees and then replacing.
cutting all of the trees and then replanting the area
cutting only medium-sized or mature trees
3
Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of
the gradual accumulation and fusion of skeletons of fish.
the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals.
minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up.
volcanic activity that is common in tropical marine
4
Which of the following reproductive situations will limit a population’s biotic potential?
the minimum number of offspring each pair can produce
the size of offspring each individual can produce
the number of interactions each individual has
the maximum number of offspring each individual can produce
5
Which step in the experimental method are scientists conducting when they photograph birds ?
observing
analyzing data
drawing conclusions
hypothesizing
6
Which factor contributed most to the exponential growth of the human population?
higher fertility rates
more food, better hygiene
higher birth rates
increased immigration
7
An area prone to landslides is an example of
open space
rural land.
rangeland.
marginal land.
8
Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?
Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic.
When the average number of children born to each woman falls
When birth rates and death rates are both high
In preindustrial societies, birth rates are low
9
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
pesticides
All of the above
oil spills
sewage
10
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 6.0
pH 4.1
pH 7.3
pH 9.6
11
Which of the following characteristics is usually shared by bacteria, fungi, and plants?
They usually have cell walls.
They are single-celled
They have the ability to make their own food
They have cell nuclei.
12
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
experimental group
variable.
control group.
.hypothesis.
13
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
geosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
14
Chaparral plants usually survive fires because
water is stored in their small, leathery leaves
they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers.
they can resprout from small amount plant tissue.
they have deep root systems that keep them moist.
15
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
leopard seal
killer whale
krill
algae
16
Which of the following actions contributes to soil erosion?
all of these practices contribute to soil erosion
using compost as fertilizer
allowing land to lie fallow
driving farm machinery over fields
17
Why are mathematical models important?
They are especially useful in situations
They can be used to create useful digital images.
All of the above
They can represent how a system or process works.
18
Which of the following is a side effect of heat islands?
lower temperatures
lower temperatures and drought
drought
increased precipitation
19
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Modern Age
Bronze and Iron Ages
Ice Ages
Stone Ages
20
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
marshes and swamps
littoral zones and benthic zones
rivers and streams
lakes and ponds
21
Which of the following is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable by organism?
absorption of nitrogen into water systems
decomposing bacteria
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
conversion of nitrogen into carbohydrates by photosynthesis
22
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
temperature
Both (a) and (c)
radiation
pressure
23
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
slag.
dredge.
flux
smelt.
24
The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated by
the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer
All of the above
the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals
the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.
25
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
4,000°C to 5,000°C
3,000°C to 4,000°C
400°C to 500°C
300°C to 400°C
26
Climate in a region is
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
never affected by ocean currents
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions
27
A true statement concerning the physical properties of air is that
cold air rises in the atmosphere.
as air warms, the water vapor it holds condenses.
warm air can hold more water vapor than an equal amount
warm air sinks toward Earth’s surface.
28
Nuclear fusion
must take place in low-density containers.
must take place at extremely high temperatures.
does not release a great amount of energy.
results in nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei
29
Where do most Americans live?
in urban areas
in rural areas
on producing farms
There is an equal distribution of people across the land
30
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
biotic factors
unnecessary factors
selection factors
abiotic factors
31
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases ?
pressure
Both (a) and (c)
radiation
temperature
32
A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
participants in the chemical reactions that produce ozone.
primarily a byproduct of fuel burning in automobiles.
involved in the formation of acid precipitation
released when solvents are used in manufacturing.
33
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
Canada
Pakistan
Mexico
India
34
Scientists predict population sizes by using
survivorship, migration, life expectancy, and structure.
age structure, fertility rate, and migration.
replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, and survivor.
age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration
35
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
Both (a) and (b)
Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.
36
Deep currents flow along the
thermocline.
ocean floor.
ocean surface.
halocline.
37
Which of the following is true of land-use plans?
All of the above
Projects in environmentally sensitive areas may be hotly
Developers must prepare detailed reports
The public often has input in land-use plans.
38
Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth?
legal punishments
limiting education for women
public advertising
economic incentives
39
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
unstable system.
open system.
closed system
stationary system.
40
From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
local government only
federal agencies only
a bonding company
state and federal agencies
41
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
plowed along the contour of the land.
planted to forest.
covered with grass.
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
42
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion.
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.
increase for a short time and then decrease to current level
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion
43
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
uranium.
power plants
electricity.
magnetic fields.
44
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
linguistics.
physics and chemistry.
biology and earth sciences.
social sciences.
45
Which of the following models would you use to represent the shape of Earth’s surface?
physical
mathematical
graphical
conceptual
46
Acid mine drainage
is unregulated in the United States.
purifies streams.
causes acid rain.
harms or kills aquatic life
47
Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?
one that has not been repainted or recarpeted in several
one in a cool climate with a good ventilation system
one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned
one in an urban area where windows are often open
48
Which of the following is a good way to reduce salinization?
use ocean water instead of groundwater to irrigate crops
adopt no-till farming methods
increase the use of synthetic pesticides
using rainwater instead of groundwater on crops
49
Which of the following is a developing nation?
the United States
Ethiopia
France
Canada
50
Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
location in a valley or basin
frequent thermal inversions
combustion of ethanol in cars
dependence on coal for heating
51
Solar energy, or energy from the sun, is contained in
fossil fuels.
all nonrenewable resources
uranium.
radioactive waste.
52
What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals?
value
cost to extract
electrical conductivity
carbon content
53
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
may cause their hosts to become more predators
are always animals and never plants
immediately kill their hosts.
54
Latitude strongly influences climate because _____ solar energy falls .
the same amount of
less
sometimes less
more
55
The distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
magnitude.
longitude.
altitude.
latitude.
56
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada.
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas.
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico
57
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
skepticism.
correlation.
distribution
risk.
58
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?
increased polar ice mass
increased frequency of major storms
rising sea level
increased frequency of major droughts
59
Light pollution can be decreased by
using incandescent light bulbs.
directing lighting downward.
increasing the number of lights per block on a city street.
lighting billboards from below
60
Which of the following factors does not help predict future oil production?
number of oil deposits discovered
cost of obtaining fuels
changes in technology
the number of oil refineries operating in the past
61
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a bank account that earns interest
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating lichens
mold appearing on bread overnight
62
An example of a population is
all trees in a forest.
all animals in a forest.
all plants in a forest.
all maple trees in a forest.
63
Geothermal heat pumps can heat homes by
All of the above
using underground rivers to turn a small turbine
circulating fluid underground to absorb heat from Earth.
pumping hot water or steam from deep underground.
64
One disadvantage of wind energy is that
wind turbines are not cost-effective.
the difficulty of transporting the energy from its source .
wind turbines generate only a small amount of energy.
large amounts of farmland are needed for the turbines
65
Which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
transportation
manufacturing
heating and cooling buildings
cooking
66
Succession is possible because
new species make the environment less suitable
climates change over time.
existing plants reproduce quickly.
it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very difficult.
67
The National Farmland Protection Program was designed to
protect farmland from environmental damage from pollution
protect farmland from being overtaken by natural grasses
protect farmland from being developed.
protect farmland from damage by wild animals.
68
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
utility pole
oak forest
vacant lot
coral reef
69
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
d.All of the above
omnivores
decomposers
herbivores
70
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
probability.
mean.
distribution.
statistics.
71
The major human causes of extinction today are
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
hunting and destroying habitats
polluting and introducing non-native species
72
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Kenya
Australia
Norway
Germany
73
The current rate of species extinction is
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival
the result of natural environmental processes
attributable to the actions of humans.
slower than at any other time in this century.
74
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in Europe and the United States
in tropical rainforests
in the Arctic
in deserts
75
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
protists.
fungi.
bacteria.
All of the above

Environmental Science Final Review Flashcards | StudBud