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Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review
Unit 2 Cognition AP Psych Review
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1
The calculation of IQ in early intelligence tests used which formula?
Chronological age ÷ Mental age × 100
Chronological age ÷ Mental age × 2
Mental age ÷ Chronological age × 100
Mental age × 2 ÷ Chronological age
2
Using Quizlet to test your knowledge of terms is an example of:
Retrieval practice
Primacy effect
Maintenance rehearsal
Context-dependent learning
3
What does Spearman’s theory of intelligence propose?
Intelligence is measured only by emotional skills.
Intelligence is defined solely by academic performance.
Intelligence is composed of eight distinct abilities.
Intelligence consists of a general factor (g) and specific factors (s).
4
A witness mistakenly recalls seeing a blue car when the actual car was red due to misleading questions
Misinformation effect
Repression
Constructive memory
Source amnesia
5
Which strategy is most likely to enhance encoding for long-term retention?
Listening to a recording while sleeping
Using massed practice to focus on a topic in one session
Creating a detailed mental image of the material
Writing notes word for word from a lecture
6
What is a typical standard deviation for modern IQ tests?
1 point
10 points
15 points
100 points
7
What type of memory is assessed when a student answers multiple-choice questions?
recognition
implicit memory
procedural memory
recall
8
What is the availability heuristic?
Recalling information based on vivid examples that come to mind easily
Judging a situation based on how well it matches a prototype
Using logical analysis to make decisions
Using prior experiences to solve new problems
9
Why is understanding the standard deviation of IQ scores important?
It identifies specific areas of intelligence.
It determines whether someone has above-average EQ.
It explains why IQ is fixed and immutable.
It allows comparison of individual scores to the population average.
10
Which memory process is most disrupted by retrograde amnesia?
Retrieving long-term memories from before an injury
Using working memory
Recalling procedural knowledge
Encoding new information
11
What type of memory allows a pianist to play a song without consciously recalling the notes?
episodic memory
prospective memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
12
On a standard IQ test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what % of individuals score within 85 and 115?
14%
50%
34%
68%
13
If someone remembers the details of their last birthday, what type of memory are they using?
episodic memory
Procedural memory
implicit memory
semantic memory
14
The framing effect refers to:
Overestimating the importance of first impressions
Prioritizing tasks using a mental framework
Distortion in memory due to suggestive questions
Making decisions based on how information is presented
15
Which statement best describes functional fixedness?
Focusing on irrelevant details in problem-solving
Preferring creative solutions over logical ones
Relying on past strategies to solve a new problem
Using an object only in the way it is traditionally intended
16
Which phenomenon explains why people tend to remember first and last items in a list better than those in the middle?
Serial position effect
Encoding failure
Retroactive interference
Misinformation effect
17
Which mnemonic device pairs locations with information to enhance memory recall?
Phonological loop
Method of loci
Spacing effect
Chunking
18
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes which three components?
General, specific, and situational intelligence
Spatial, kinesthetic, and emotional intelligence
Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
Verbal, mathematical, and logical intelligence
19
What is an example of a heuristic?
Estimating which store will have the lowest prices based on a past visit
Solving a math problem by using a step-by-step formula
Using flashcards to memorize vocabulary
Organizing a to-do list by priority
20
Which example demonstrates elaborative rehearsal?
Relating new material to personal experiences
Rereading a list of definitions repeatedly
Highlighting key phrases in a textbook
Grouping related terms into categories
21
Forgetting the details of a lecture over time due to lack of review demonstrates:
Retrieval failure
Encoding failure
Decay theory
Retroactive interference
22
What is the role of the central executive in the working memory model?
Integrates information and allocates attention
Processes auditory information
Retrieves long-term memory
Stores visual and spatial data
23
What is the primary focus of Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence (EQ)?
Problem-solving and logical reasoning
Academic and standardized test performance
Creativity and divergent thinking
Understanding and managing emotions in oneself and others
24
Chunking information is an effective strategy because:
It simplifies encoding by grouping related items
It avoids interference during retrieval
It increases the capacity of sensory memory
It relies solely on visual processing
25
What process strengthens synaptic connections to support long-term memory formation?
Chunking
Long-term potentiation
Encoding failure
Maintenance rehearsal
26
A student finds it easier to recall vocabulary words in the same classroom where they learned them. This illustrates:
Mood-congruent memory
State-dependent memory
Procedural memory
Context-dependent memory
27
A person who scores two standard deviations above the mean on an IQ test has an IQ of approximately:
100
130
115
85
28
Which of the following best describes standard deviation in IQ scores?
A measure of the spread of IQ scores from the mean
A measure of the average IQ score in a population
A fixed measure of emotional intelligence
The percentage of people scoring above 130
29
Which of the following best demonstrates the sunk-cost fallacy?
Investing in a failing project because of past time and resources spent
Assuming a slot machine will pay out soon after many losses
Choosing an option framed as a gain rather than a loss
Avoiding a difficult decision by flipping a coin
30
A child with a mental age of 12 and a chronological age of 10 would have an IQ of:
100
120
80
140
