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Radiation Protection
Radiation Protection
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#Radiology104 #Radiation Protection
Flashcards
58 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Radiation passing through the tube housing
Leakage radiation
Secondary radiation
Scattered radiation
Useful beam
2
National council on Radation protection(NCRP) established what?
The minimum standards by the federal government
The councils charter
Public Law 88-376
Advise the president with respect to radiation
3
In 1907 the snook transformer was created
false
true
4
Who and when were X-rays discovered
Thomas Edison, 1898
William Coolidge, 1913
Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8, 1895
William Ranken, January 23, 1896
5
Types of Radiation Source
Natural(49%) & Man-Made(51%)
Natural(49%)
Man-Made(51%)
The Hulk
6
Patient shielding should be considered for...
All patients
Pregnant patients
Elderly from time to time
Children
7
Advise the president with respect to radiation matters directly or indirectly affecting health
Public law 88-376
Public law 97-35
8
Most common and efficient type of Beam Limiting Device (BLD)
Collimater
Aperture Diaphragm
Cones and cylinder
Varible Aperature Collimater
9
Optimizing kVp decreases skin dose by decreasing photoelectric interaction in the tissue
True
False
10
Types(s)of shielding that must have a sterile field and used on incapacitated patients
Flat contact
Shadow contact
All the above
Shaped contact
11
Causes film in badge to fog resulting in inaccurate exposure reading
Humidity & Temperature
Humidity
Cold
Temperature
12
1 Gray =
1,000 Rad
100 Rad
1 Rad
1 Curies(Ci)
13
Generally used on body parts greater than 10cm in thickness
Added filtration
Inherent filtration
Grids
Total filtration
14
Most lead aprons are made of 0.5 mm of lead equivalent
False 5.0 mm
True 0.5 mm
15
DL for the worker becomes__ or __ for the period of pregnancy
5 mSv or 500 mrem
5000 sv or 5 mrem
500 mrem or 5 mSv
500 mSv or 5 mrem
16
Radiation that has undergone a change in direction while passing through matter
Leakage radiation
Scattered radiation
Secondary radiation
Useful beam
17
Minimum of 1/16 inch lead equivalent
Secondary barrier
Primary barrier
18
Minimum of 1/32 inch lead equivalent
Primary barrier
Secondary barrier
19
Repeat Radiographs should not exceed 5%
False 6%
true 5%
20
Reduced injury to patient by reducing x-ray energy and exposure time in 1913
x-ray tube
Oil
Snook transformer
CoolidgeTube
21
Filters, collimators, intensifying screens, protective apparel, protective barriers
Protective devices that ALARA uses
ALARA
Protective devices
Gonads
22
Why should shielding be used
Decrease patient dose
Reduce risk of genetic defects
Reduce the radiation exposure to the reproductive system
All the above
23
Units for "Dose Equivalent (EqD)"
Rad
Gy
Radiation Equivalent Man (REM)
Sievert(Sv)
24
Three cardinal principles of radiation protection
Shielding
Distance
Shielding, Time, Distance (STD's)
Time
25
General Public Exposure Limits
Continuous or frequent exposure: 100 mrem
Lens of eye: 1500 mrem
Infrequent exposure 500mrem
Skin, Hands, and Feet: 5000 mrem
26
Use factors include?
All of the above
Factor for a secondary barrier is always 1
Time the x-ray is on and directed towards a particular wall
1 out of 4 walls and 1 floor
27
Simplest type of BLD
Aperture Diaphragm
Collimater
Varible Aperature Collimater
Cones and cylinder
28
Radiation intensity that will create 2.58x10
8
ion pairs in a cubic centimeter of air
1 Curies
1 Becquerel
1 Gray
1 Roentgen
29
Only exception to having a permanent dosimetry record
Disaster type event
There are no exceptions
When life or valueable assest are at risk of being destroyed
When another tech doesn't have their own
30
The excited electrons absorb and store energy and are trapped in higher energy levels
Lithium Fluride
Aluminum
Lithium Fluoride(LiF)
AL
31
Crystalline Lattice become excited and rearrange when ionizing interacts
Lead
LiF
Aluminum
Lithium Floride
32
what did the Coolidge tube do
Neither
Reduce injury
Allow great accuracy with the use of a vacuum tube
Both
33
Glass envelope, Insulating oil, and Glass Window are components of...
Inherent filtration
Total filtration
Grids
Added filtration
34
provides the establishment of minimum standards by the federal government, and safety standards
Public law
The Patient-consumer Radiation Health and Safety act of 1981
Public law 88-376
Public law 97-35
35
Lead or lead lined plate placed directly
BELOW
the x-ray tube window
Aperture Diaphragm
Cones and cylinder
Varible Aperature Collimater
Collimater
36
Gas filled detectors, that measures the precise intensity of diagnostic x-ray machines
Ionization chamber
Pocket dosimeter
All the above
Scintillation detectors
37
The use of radiation was increased in the
1900-2000
40s-50s
70s-90s
30s-40s
38
Types of shielding
All the above
Shadow contact
Flat contact
Shaped contact
39
Controlled area is a area...
occupied by radiologist only
occupied by patients only
occupied by anyone
occupied by radiology personnel and patients
40
In charge of Maintenance of records
Custodian of health records or civilian employee med files
All the above
Person designated in writing by the commander
Person designated verbally by the commander
41
Radiation Absorbed Dose(RAD)(Traditional) is
1 Gy= 1Rads
1R=0.87 Rad
1=3.7x1010
Rad≅1R
42
Control both is a __
Primary barrier
Secondary barrier
43
Occupational exposure dose for lens of the Eye
15 mSv or 150 rem
150 mSv or 15 rem
500 mSv or 50 rem
150 mSv or .15 rem
44
First x-ray fatality in United States
Clarance Dally died in 1904
Severe radiation injury that resulted in amputation of Arms
Thomas Edison
Dally Clarance
45
100 mrem per year is the average cumulative dose of ____
Radiographers
Patients
Pregnant women
Cancer patients
46
Radiopaque material contoured to enclose the testicles
Shaped conact
Flat contact
All the above
Shadow shield
47
Purpose of Beam Limiting Devices (BLD)
To improve image contrast by reducing scatter
Reducing the harmful affects of scatter
Limit size of beam and area of exposure to patient
All the above
48
What does ALARA stand for?
As Long As We Pass
none of the above
As Long As Reasonably Achievable
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
49
Unity of quantity of radioactive material(traditional)
Radioactivity
Rad
REM
Curie(Ci)
50
Dose equivalent in SI units
1 rem = 3 Gy
1 rem = 0.01 sv
1 Sv = 1 Gy
1 rem= 1 sv
51
Radiation injuries that occur frequently in the u.s
Epilation(hair loss)
Anemia
All the above
Skin Damage
52
What happens when a persons dose equivalent cannot be determined because it is lost or damaged
RPO orders another one
RPO will assign administrative actions for each month lost
RPO will assign administrative dose for each month used
RPO must fill out paperwork on through history of device
53
Man-Made radiation sources
Power Plants
All the above
Nuclear Fallout
Medical and Dental
54
The LiF Crystals release energy in the form of visible light
LiF
TLD
Thermoluminescent Detectors
Lif
55
Most Radiation injuries are due to
Low energy x-rays, High exposures
High x-rays, Long exposures
High energy x-rays, High exposures
Low energy x-rays, Long exposures
56
Radiographic exam should be preformed only after the 1st 10days following onset menstrual cycle
10 Day rule
11 Day rule
Apart of quality control standards
Standard policy
57
Helps minimize Motion
Shorter exposure times
Appropriae patient Instructions(breathing/positioning)
Positioning devices to imobilize if necessary
Fast screen-film combination
58
Max dose of ionizing radiation which an individual may accumulate over a long period of time
LD
DL
Dose Limit
Limited Dose
