Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics

Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress

What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents

There was a significant increase in desired behaviours

Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...

Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently

What did Godwin and Canter find?

85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences

What does parsimonious mean?

Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions

What is a advantage of systematic sampling?

Reduces the chance of researcher bias

Evidence for brain scanning, Primary recency effect provides evidence

Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?

Children who observed an aggressive model

What were the conditions in Ireland's study

One took part in anger mangement, One was a non treatment control

What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis

The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs

Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?

Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes

What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?

Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning

What is a leading question?

A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer

What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?

Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex

What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?

Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli, Sufferers showed short term memory problems

What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)

The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus

Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?

It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all

Assumptions of the humanist approach

Importance of the experience of the individual, Rejection of scientific method

Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?

They can assess attitude towards crime, More likely to include what has not been reported to police

What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children

A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends

What are offender surveys?

Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed

Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...

Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour

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Answers

1
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
2
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was no change
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
3
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
4
What did Godwin and Canter find?
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
5
What is operant conditioning
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
6
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
50%
48%
49%
30%
7
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
8
Classification is not simplistic
True
False
9
Behavioural categories need to be...
Operationalised
Known to the participant to reduced deception
Time sampled
Spread out evenly
10
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
False
True
11
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
False
True
12
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
A smaller sample needed
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
13
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
False
True
14
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Sensory
Visual and tactile
Visual and auditory
Auditory and tactile
15
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Person Inventory
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
16
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
False
True
17
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
False
True
18
Miles research supports biological rhythms
False
True
19
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
There is a cultural bias
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
All of the above
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
20
Strength MSM
Over simplified
Evidence for brain scanning
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Primary recency effect provides evidence
21
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Children who observed a non aggressive model
Children who observed an aggressive model
Both groups
Neither
22
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
One took part in anger management
All of the above
One took part in anger mangement
One was a non treatment control
23
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
True
False
24
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
False
True
25
Which is not a mediational process?
Attention
Retention
Motivation
Repoductted
26
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Both
Nature
27
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The side effects of atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
28
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
False
True
29
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
True
False
30
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
Led to the development of drug treatments
Uses objective and observable techniques
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
31
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Evolutionary principle
Biological explanation
32
What is a leading question?
A question ppts interpret wrong
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
33
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
False
True
34
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
All of the above
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
35
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
True
False
36
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
False
True
37
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
False
True
38
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
True
False
39
The pineal gland releases serotonin
True
False
40
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
There were no abnormalities
41
What animal did skinner use?
Dogs
rats
cats
NUGGETS
42
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
43
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
There was no difference
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
44
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
120-180 minutes
5 minutes
70-90 minutes
10-15 minutes
45
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
A meeting may be emotional
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
46
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Negative view of human nature
Importance of the experience of the individual
Animal studies are helpful
Rejection of scientific method
47
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
Under represent certain crimes
They can assess attitude towards crime
Do not include victimless crimes
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
48
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
Delinquent behaviour was low
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
All of the above
49
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms are culturally specific
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
Social norms change over time
Easy to look at and diagnose
50
What are offender surveys?
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Victims reveal what has happened to them
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
51
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
No difference was found
Rats rejected testosterone
52
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
True
False
53
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
Adrian Babb
John Duffy
None of the above
Ted Bundy
54
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
55
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Motivated by pleasure principle
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
The morality principle and is part of the ego
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
56
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
True
False
57
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
True
False
58
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Findings were quantitative data only
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
Lacks internal validity
Other researchers were jealous
59
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
False
True
60
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Community orders, fines, discharges
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
61
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
False
True
62
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
True
False
63
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
True
False
64
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
True
False
65
Distortion of judgement
Didnt understand the task
People who lack self confidence
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
66
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
It's completely unscientific
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
Covers all areas needed
67
Why was Risperidone developed?
All of the above
To battle different symptoms
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
68
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
When a child can form multiple attachments
69
Identify the main female hormone
Oeastragon
Adrenaline
Testosterone
Oestrogen
70
The theory shows gender bias
True
False
71
It is based on outdated theories of personality
False
True
72
What does a deterministic view show?
More than one view
Cause and effect
Holistic view
Some other psychological term
73
Which of these is true of STM
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Also called Episodic buffer
Sometimes called working memory
Rehearsal is not very important
74
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
75
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
No
Yaaaas
76
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
False
True
77
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Visual
Auditory
78
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Bullshite
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
79
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Biological reductionism
Biological determinism
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
80
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
81
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
16% failed to recover after 12 months
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
82
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
No common thinking patterns were found
88 common thinking patterns were found
2 common thinking patterns were found
83
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
18 critical trials carried out
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
They compared comparison lines to a target line
The participant usually went last
84
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
True
False
85
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
True
False
86
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Obedience
Conformity to an authority figure
Conformity to social roles
Conformity
87
What is a hypothesis
The procedure
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
The aim of the study
What the study is about
88
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
None of the above
People with APD show normal APD patterns
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
89
What does this suggest?
No cause
Different causes
The same cause
They are different conditions
90
What details can be matched on a database?
Age and sex
Personal history and family background
All of the above
Location, place of birth
91
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Using local time s for meal times
Using local times for bedtimes
Nothing
92
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
93
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
Neither of the drugs were effective
Typical drugs were more effective
There was no significant difference
Atypical drugs were more effective
94
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 affection less psychopaths
44 Chicken nugget thieves
44 juvenile thieves
40 juvenile thugs
95
The criminal personality is
EP
PN
PP
EN
96
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
YXX
XO
XXX
XXY
97
What are victim surveys?
Offenders tell what they have done to others
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
People share what they have witnessed
All of the above
98
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
99
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Failure to perform everyday functions
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
No change
Inability to move
100
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
101
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
True
False
102
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
103
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
Patients are often less willing to try new things
All of the above
It's time consuming
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
104
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
True
False
105
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
ID
Ego
Superego
Ultra-ego
106
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
SQUAD
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
There was no change
107
Mixed results have been found
False
True
108
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Phallic stage
Oral stage
Latent stage
Anal stage
109
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Right
Left
110
Outline the female stereotype role
Loves shopping
All of the above
Poor drivers
Child carer
111
What are roles conditions of worth?
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
112
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Mechelli
Sperry
Maguire
Draganski
113
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
114
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Hard determinism
Soft determinism
Biological determinism
Minimum determinism
115
There were 12 critical trials?
False
True
116
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
117
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
118
There was 28 trials overall
True
False
119
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
True
False
120
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
False
True
121
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through association
Learning through consequence
122
What is an inference?
Hypothesis
Conclusions about non observed processes
Decisions
Conclusions on observed processes
123
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His Wernickes area was damaged
His Broca's area was damaged
His personality remained the same
His personality drastically changed
124
Milgram initial study aim?
See how state effects obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
To look into the context of obedience
125
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
6-8%
11-18%
40-60%
60-80%
126
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Adams
Russell
127
Public agreement, private disagreement?
identification
Internalisation
Compliance
Normative
128
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
Straight away
1 year
6 weeks
12 weeks
129
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
All children must go through the electra complex
130
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
False
True
131
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
132
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
Ethical issues with children
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
133
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
Study tested LTM
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
One group Recalled after 2 days.
134
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
135
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
It all comes back to nuggets
Nature
Nurture
Neither
136
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
137
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
Poverty could be the actual cause
It included scientific racism
Being rejected by society may be the cause
None of the above
138
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
Genes and chromosomes
Schemas
Internal mental processes
139
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Ethical issues of deception
Reduced demand characteristics
Increases face validity of study
More ecological validity
140
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Neglected their young
Unskilled at mating
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Gained increased cognitive abilities
141
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
Gave no tokens
142
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
False
True
143
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
All of the above
Zimbardo
Milgram lad
Ash
144
What is central control?
Affects our ability to speak
None of the above
Affects our ability to move
Our ability to supress automatic responses
145
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
146
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
147
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Already produced quantitative data
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
Re-occuring themes within the data
148
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, field, natural and quasi
NUGGETS
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
149
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM duration
Test STM duration
Test STM capacity
Test LTM capacity
150
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
Neither were important
151
What is an internal mental process?
External cues
Internal workings of the mind that process information
The way you are feeling
The way we interact with the environment
152
Who did Heston study?
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
153
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
True
False
154
Who was the control group in this study?
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
There was no control group
Corn flakes
155
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
Too broad
It has too many methods to compare
All of the assumptions are shared
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
156
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transformation
Systematic transmission
Synaptic transfer
Synaptic transmission
157
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
158
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
False
True
159
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
The words sound more alike
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
Words are stored separately
Words are distinguishable
160
Duration of STM
Two minutes to forever
Two minutes to 80 years
One minute to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
161
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
4/6
4/5
2/3
2/4
162
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
True
False
163
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Bailey et al
Loftus and Palmer
Schaffer and Emerson
Milgram lad
164
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Hospitals
Large asylums
Home
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
165
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
smashed and bumped
Smashed and contacted
Smashed and hit
Smashed and crashed
166
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
True
False
167
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
PET and MRI scans
Post mortems and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
Post mortems and PET scans
168
What did Sensky find?
Neitehr were effective
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
169
Outline the typical male stereotype
Loves shopping
Solves argument with silent treatment
Takes care of children
Commitment phobic
170
The US topologies are based in small samples
True
False
171
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
True
False
172
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
Ppts recalled digits in any order
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
173
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
False
True
174
What animal did Pavlov use?
Horses
Rats
Birds
Dogs
175
Excitation is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
176
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
95%
15%
45%
35%
177
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schemes and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital scores
178
What is meant by the term sex?
The psychological differences between men and women
The biological differences between men and women
The biological similarities between the two sexes
The mental characteristics of two genders
179
Bem carried out a study into...
Gender neutral children
Intersex twins
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
180
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
False
True
181
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
6-8 months
2- 10 months
From birth to 3 months
8-9 months
182
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of nature an nurture
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
183
What is a Phenotype
Environmental factors
Personality
Brain structure
Genetic makeup
184
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
Releases adrenaline
Triggers the flight or flight response
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
185
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
186
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Drugs
Psychological treatment
187
Srength of Asch's study?
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
Biased sample-ethnocentric
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Very cost effective
188
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Clozapine
Chloropromazine
Risperidone
Haloperidol
189
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
Combination showed higher symptom levels
There was no difference
190
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
False
True
191
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Very ethical
Zimbardo both observed and partook
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Lack of replication
192
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
4%
1%
8%
2%
193
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
194
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Working internal model
Schemas
Internal working model
External cognitive model
195
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
True
False
196
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Being unable to do anything
Disorganised speech and thoughts
Not being able to control what we are doing
197
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
False
True
198
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Senses, limited, less than a second
199
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
370 patients to 113 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
113 patients to 370 controls
200
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
True
False
201
Reasons to resist conforming
Locus of control
Cats
Willpower
Social support
202
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Subjective non observable behaviour
Objective non observable behaviour
Objective observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
203
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
False
True
204
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
They will still develop the condtion
It depends on the amount of stress
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
They will implode
205
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
Patients become dependant on a therapies
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
206
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
True
False
207
What is recidivism
Refers to reoffending
Not reoffending
Prison capacity
Token ecomony
208
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
Historically led to parent blaming
209
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
Cultural limitations
210
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
The side effects were the same
There were no side effectives
211
The interactionist approach is reductionist
True
False
212
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
False
True
213
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Stanford uni mock prison
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
set up to a shock generator
214
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Eplilepsy
Better physical health
Lethargy
Major personality changes
215
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Schemas
Hypothesis
Inferences
Decisions
216
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
No one would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
217
How many participants were there in asch's study?
9
8
7
1
218
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
219
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Narnia
Madagascar
Germany
China
220
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
221
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
Has extremely high temporal resolution
222
What is the restorative justice council
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
A group of judges
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
223
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
224
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
False
True
225
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
False
True
226
Schemas can hinder new information
False
True
227
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
True
False
228
Repression is the act of...
Denying an unpleasant memory
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Displacing a memory
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
229
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant could name the object
The participant reported seeing nothing
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant could describe the object
230
Police record crimes differently
True
False
231
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Limited capacity
Long duration
Short duration
Unlimited capacity
232
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
Positive approach looking at what to add
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
A person may be happy with their situation
233
Brown et al Aim
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
This did happen
234
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes
Mental processes that can be directly observed
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
235
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
True
False
236
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
A fatal blood disease
Tardive dyskinesia
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
Excessive weight gain
237
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
False
True
238
What is restorative justice?
Punishment
Criminals making amends
Community service
Prison
239
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
They were too dangerous
They didn't
They become less effective
Drug development
240
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
25 hours
23 hours
20 hours
18 hours
241
The original model saw genes as the major source
False
True
242
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
All of the above
Small sample sizes
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
243
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
In order to work, there can be no background noise
They have excellent temporal resolution
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
244
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
No supporting evidence
Influence of demand characteristics
Good practical applications
Deterministic
245
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
1
2
0
3
246
What clues may be used for recognition
The time
The choice of victim
All of the above
The location
247
The biological approach is deterministic
True
False
248
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
False
True
249
Stength of statistical infrequency
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
250
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
251
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
Studies are reliable
It is reductionist
Could be due to demand characteristics
252
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of the time
Analysis of the loaction
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
253
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
False
True
254
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
Serotonin and dopamine
None
Just dopamine
255
What is a Genotype
Brain structure
Personality
Genetic makeup
Environmental factors
256
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
False
True
257
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Qualitative data
Numinous data
Ominous data
Quantitative data
258
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
PET
fMRI
ERP
EEG
259
What is an overt observation?
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When participants are aware they are being observed
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
260
What else did Sperry look at?
Plasticity of brain functions
Lateralisation of brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
Damage to brain functions
261
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Processor
Phonological loop
Central executive
Episodic buffer
262
What are the two types of offender?
Tidy and messy
Organised and messy
Organised and disorganised
Tidy and disorganised
263
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
Psychologically healthier
More active
More able to consume more nuggets
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
264
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Anger management is effective
Anger is bad
Some people are very angry
In some people anger is quick to surface
265
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
266
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
All crime is recorded the same
Some crimes aren't reported
Figures are difference anywhere
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
267
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
False
True
268
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
False
True
269
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Speech does make sense
Speech is fluent but incoherent
All of the above
Slow speech
270
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
271
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
Internal processes are not effected by schema
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
272
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
True
False
273
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
True
False
274
NICE does not recommend art therapy
True
False
275
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
potential
wants
achievements
needs
276
Miller findings...
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
All of the above
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
277
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
False
True
278
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
How they may act in day to day life
Where thety are from
How old they are
Whether they will offend again
279
Post even discussion is...?
When there's more than one witness at an event
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
280
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
281
An advantage of the mean is that..
Is extremely time consuming
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
It is easily distorted with extreme values
It is more representative for entire sets of data
282
What is metarepresentation?
The way people react to stimuli
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
All of th above
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
283
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
False
True
284
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Emic constructs
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
Ethnocentric
285
What may restorative justice involve?
May involve the victim and offender meeting
Must volunteer to use the approach
Offences like anti social behaviour
All of the above
286
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They percieved them as friendly
They could not suggest an emotion
They percieved them as confused and afraid
287
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
There was no difference
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
288
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Poor reliability
Lack of right to withdraw
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
289
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
More likely to lead to permanant change
Acknowledges that offending is complex
They are expensive to run
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
290
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
False
True
291
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
True
False
292
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
It is aused by genes
It is caused by the family
293
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
294
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
Promity
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
Distance
295
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Both
Nature
Nurture
Neither
296
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
False
True
297
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
True
False
298
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
True
False
299
What does an EEG allow?
Detect which areas of the brain are active
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
300
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Family was irrelevant
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
301
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Being subjective to researcher bias
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Containing ethical issues
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
302
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
False
True
303
Strength of failure to function adequately
Everyday life varies
Measurable
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
This definition is focused on the individual
304
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
305
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To bring us back into the conscious mind
306
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Harlow
Lorenz
Bailey et al
Schaffer and Emerson
307
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
No area was more important than another in navigation
All of the above
Learning is too complex to be localised
308
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
False
True
309
What else were the participants able to do?
Hear the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
Smell the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
310
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
Cognitive behavioural therapy
311
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
There was no difference at all
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
312
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
True
False
313
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
Damage to the brain
Cut corpus callosum
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
314
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
Falslse
True
315
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 1
Stage 5
316
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Mexico
China
Britain
Japan
317
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
False
True
318
It did not help to develop CBT
False
True
319
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
320
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
False
True
321
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
322
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
323
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Their envirnments were the same
Can not tell how different their environments were
They would have had the same prenatal environment
Their environments were too different
324
A phobia is an adaptive fear
True
False
325
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 1% due to chance
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 10% due to chance
326
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
False
True
327
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Multitasking
Memory
Long distance sight
Reading and writing skills
328
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
329
The biological approach supports
Nurture
Nature
330
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
331
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nature
Neither
Nurture
Both
332
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Rachel Nickell
Ted Bundy
John Duffy
Adrian Babb
333
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Snowball effect
Consistency
SocIAL CHANGE
Augmentation principle
334
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
There was no change in his thoughts
He did not in fact have powers
He did in fact have powers
He was a wizard
335
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
True
False
336
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
The envionment causes schizophrenia
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
337
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
True
False
338
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
False
True
339
The sensory neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Are found in our visual system
340
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
True
False
341
What was Bedlam known for?
Better drug treatments
More facilities that anywhere else
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
Good treatment of the mentally ill
342
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Non of the above
Further away from the mean
Exactly the same as the mean
Closer to the mean
343
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
True
False
344
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
He was caught at the scene
Forensic evidence
Because of how he treated his victims
All of the above
345
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Both were needed to be criminal
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
Neither had an effect
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
346
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
There was no difference in relapse rates
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
347
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
11
24
80
110
348
The three levels of moral reasoning are
All of the above
Conventional reasoning
Post-conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
349
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
True
False
350
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
351
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
352
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of hearing
75% conformed at least once
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
Distortion of perception
353
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They lived in a circle of their offences
354
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
All of the above
There was no cause
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
355
What did Kavanagh find?
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
356
A neurotransmitter is
A tiny gap between neurons
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
Tiny sacks
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
357
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There is passive token learning
Easy to implement
There are ethical issues
Little rehabilitative value
358
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
Plan the crime
First/last born
Socially inadequate
Frightened/confused at the time
359
The axon of the neuron
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
Contains the genetic material of the cell
360
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
361
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
False
True
362
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
363
What is a schema?
Ideas formed by others
Unshared opinions
Environmental factors
Mental or cognitive framework
364
Distortion of perception Asch?
Believed the majority was correct
Mandela effect
Couldn't see properly
Didnt know what to do
365
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
366
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
20%
17%
13%
15%
367
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Demand characteristics from participants
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
The lack of qualitative data
Studies often lack internal validity
368
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
False
True
369
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
370
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Violation of moral standards
predictability
Suffering
Maldaptive behaviour
371
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
None of the above
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
372
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
373
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
False
True
374
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
China
Germany
Israel
Britain
375
Gilroy Aim
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
Half given relaxation
Half also given desensitisation
75% successful treatment
376
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, displacement and repression
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, subliminal and displacement
377
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Little Albert
Bruce Reimer
Little Hans
Clive wearing
378
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
379
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
380
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
Patients may become dependent on drugs
All of the above
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
381
What did Read suggest?
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
Early and severe trauma has no effect
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
382
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
PET
EEG
Post mortem
MRI
383
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
384
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Lucas et al
Bowlby and Bailey
Rutter and Soneua
Rutter
385
Cocurrent validity is when...
When results are not consistent over time to society
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
386
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
Self
future
Doggos
world
387
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Men produce less testosterone
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
Men receive more oestrogen
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
388
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
Sleep stages
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
SAD
389
What is misleading information?
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
All of the above
Leading questions
Post event discussion
390
Name a practical application made from this study
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
All of the above
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
391
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Information processing
Cognitive functions
Memory
Influences
392
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Ainsworth
Isabelle et al
Schaffer and Emerson
Bowlby
393
What a marital schism?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
394
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
395
What are hormones?
Chemical substances
receptors
Inherited genes
Non of these
396
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
397
Piling found what?
It was difficult to improve compliance
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
Family therapy had no effect on remission
398
The biological approach is reductionist
True
False
399
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
400
Negative Reinforcement is?
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
Negative consequence to behaviour
You avoid something unpleasant
401
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Safety
Love
Esteem
Biological and physiological
402
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
True
False
403
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Social learning and control
Control and milieu
Social learning and milieu
All three
404
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
False
True
405
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
False
True
406
Distortion of action
Conform to avoid being different
NSI
ISI
Believe they are seeing it wrong
407
Motor neurons
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
408
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
True
False
409
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
410
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
False
True
411
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
They may be universities for crime
Opportunities for training and training
Psychological harm may be done in prison
Stigma is involved
412
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
They have the same meaning
Easier to distinguish words from each other
Less likely to guess at words
They sound the same
413
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Consequences
Dog
Activating event
Belief
414
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
415
Jacob found...
Average span of 5-9
Average span 7-9
416
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Environmental
Nuggets
Psychic
Biological
417
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
True
False
418
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It is falsifiable
Much of the subject matter is not observable
Much of the subject matter is observable
It uses scientific methods
419
The fight or flight response is within the
CNS
SNS
PNS
ANS
420
What is the three stages of anger management
Cognitive preparation
All the above
Skill acquisition
Application practice
421
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Researcher bias
Ethical issues
Misinterpreted information
Demand characteristics
422
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Brenda Ruemer
Berlinda Reimer
Bruce Reimer
Brad Riener
423
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Harlow
Maslow
Farrington
Pavlov
424
What are four categories of defining crime?
Historical, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, reason
Historical, country, politics, intent
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
425
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
426
What is the dark figure of crime?
Petty crimes
Crimes that go unreported
All crimes
More serious crimes
427
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
False
True
428
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
They are deterministic
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
429
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent mother
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
There was a warm and complacent father
430
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the neck
Back of the knees
Back of the hands
Eyes
431
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
True
False
432
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
True
False
433
Intersex refers to...
People with increased testosterone
Children born without male hormones
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born with male and female hormones
434
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
True
False
435
Desire to Be liked?
NSI
ISI
436
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Green
Skinner
Kholberg
Freud
437
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
False
True
438
Identification is public and private agreement?
While you are around the group influencing your views
Yes but only short term
yes, forever
No
439
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Decreased cost
All of the above
Reduced post traumatic stress
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
440
What does chlorpromazine do?
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
Nothing
Things and stuff
Blocks pre synaptic sites
441
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil Trevor
lil John
lil pete
Lil albert
442
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They do not help
They form all of our ideas
They keep information apart
They help us to interpret and organise information
443
What did the Tan case study show?
That there was no Broca's area
Different areas can peform the same function
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
444
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
False
True
445
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
446
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
447
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
True
False
448
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
True
False
449
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
False
True
450
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division
451
Scientific laws are generalisable
False
True
452
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
12
6
2
9
453
What is geographical profiling
Information about crime scenes
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
All information
454
Official stats and other measures add up
False
True
455
What is EWT?
Unstructured interviews
Free recall
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
456
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
457
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Introversion
Instability
Psychoticism
Stability
458
Which of the following is a strength?
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
None of the above
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
Over simplistic
459
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Deception issues
Cultural bias
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
Lacks internal validity
460
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
True
False
461
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Drew fixed lots
Advertised in the newspaper
Set up a prison in Stanford university
462
a reason for obedience?
Compliance
Agentic state
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
463
Offenders were said to be patient
True
False
464
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Both
Nature
Nurture
Neither
465
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
It only supports the nurture debate
It does not take other theories into consideration
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It rejects the idea of free will
466
What is offender profiling?
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
467
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
10,000
110,000
101,000
100,000
468
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Speech to be incoherent
Speech to be slow and laborious
Limited reading skills
469
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
All of the above
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
They could be identified using their characteristics
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
470
Not Stages of flooding
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Immediate exposure
Initially destressed and anxious
Crying probs lol
471
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
472
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
None of the above
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
473
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
True
False
474
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
True
False
475
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
Higher than average verbal ability
Short statue
All of the above
Failed to develop ovaries
476
Findings of Baddeley
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
477
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
478
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Right visual field
Left visual field
479
What gland releases ACTH?
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
480
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, denial and over-harsh
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
481
behavioural characteristics of OCD
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
482
Humanism believes in...
Free will
Determinism
483
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
False
True
484
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
False
True
485
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
False
True
486
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
False
True
487
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
488
The Synapse is
Where the genetic material is contained
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
Gaps in the myelin sheath
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
489
When is CBT not effective?
When the patient has a good understanding
When the patients condition is too severe
When it is alongside drig treatments
When the patient has a clear insight
490
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
True
False
491
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
To find where crime is more common
All of the above
492
Limitation of behavioural approach
Free Will
Reductionist
Scientific methods
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
493
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Psychodynamic
Biological
Behaviourism
Cognitive
494
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
There was no difference in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
Increase of reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
495
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
False
True
496
The evidence for family therapy is strong
False
True
497
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tan
Tin
Ten
Ton
498
What is a marital skew?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
499
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
Reformation of blood vessels
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
The equivalent area takes on its functions
500
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
False
True
501
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
False
True
502
What is the top down approach?
Analysis of the location
None of the above
Analysis just of the victim
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
503
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
True
False
504
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
The control ward - drug treatment
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
All three
Social learning ward - token economy
505
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
506
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Plasticity
Localisation
507
Behaviourist strengths
Lab experiment so lots of control
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Studies only done on animals
Stimulus/response reductionism
508
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Webbed neck
Reduced breast growth
Increased body hair
Under developed genitals
509
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
They mean the same thing
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
510
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
3% of the time they could identify the offender
All of the above
14% said it assisted solving cases
80% said it was useful
511
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
All of the above
There is also evidence for environmental factors
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
512
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Logic, analysis and problem solving
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
513
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
514
Sperry concluded what from his research?
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
All of the above
515
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
False
True
516
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
failure to function adequately
Lack of deviation from social norms
Statistical frequency
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
517
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
acoustic, limited, short
518
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
False
True
519
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Relaxation
Anxiety Hierarchy
Flooding
Exposure
520
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
Raise ethical issues for consent
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
521
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A continuous cycle
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
522
What is meant by Free will?
Personal agency
Not all behaviour is determined
All behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
523
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
524
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
525
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
True
False
526
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
527
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
528
Limitation of humanism
Positive image of the human condition
Free Will
Limited application
Hollistic
529
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Maguire
Draganski
Sperry
Mechelli
530
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Nuggets
Digit span and verbal reasoning
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
531
What were children lacking in these institutions?
The ability to form multiple attachments
Nuggets and cheese
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
532
What Units is STM measured in?
Minutes
Hours
Second and minutes
Seconds
533
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
All of the above
Chi- squared
Spearman's Rho
Pearson's
534
Findings not from Milgram
6% sent to 400v
3 had seizures
100% went to 300v
65% went to 450v
535
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
False
True
536
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
537
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
They are not reliable, people may lie
They show victimless crimes
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
538
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
True
False
539
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
True
False
540
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Non identical twins reared together
Non identical twins reared apart
Identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
541
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Innate working model
Internal working model
Working memory model
External working model
542
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
10 out of 12
12 out of 12
7 out of 12
4 out of 12
543
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Vision
Sensory and motor movements
Our awareness or consciousness
Auditiory processing and memory
544
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Indiscriminate
Synchronised
Symmetrical
545
An fMRI scan is
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
The brain is ananlysed after death
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
546
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
True
False
547
Procedural memory example?
Riding a bike
Knowing the capital of England is London
Personal memories of events
548
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
549
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
False
True
550
Humanistic Approach is...
Reductionist
Idiographic
Holistic
Nomothetic
551
Relay neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
552
What is declarative memory?
Facts and knowledge
Events
Knowing how
Knowing that
553
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
secure - avoidant attachment
secure - resistent attachment
secure attachment
insecure - secure attachment
554
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
False
True
555
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
True
False
556
What technique is not used in CBT
Question where the voices have originated from
Positive self-talk
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
Setting homework
557
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Matthews
Martin
Meed
Mead
558
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
All of the above
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
All behaviour has a physical cause
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
559
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Unconscious mind
Conscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
Sub-conscious mind
560
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
False
True
561
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
False
True
562
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
563
What is a weakness neural correlates
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
No cause and effect
All of the above
Lewis found no significant link
564
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Lives alone
Skilled job
Leaves fewer clues
Covers tracks
565
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
566
Megargee found what?
A group that are incapable of showing anger
A group that express anger easily
A very angry group of individuals
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
567
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
568
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
True
False
569
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school achievement+poor parenting
Low school attendance and good parenting
570
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
They are time consuming
They do not treat positive symptoms
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
571
Findings not from Zimbardo
450v
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
6 day study instead of 14
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
572
Inhibition is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
573
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
True
False
574
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XYY
YX
XX
XY
575
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
True
False
576
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
True
False
577
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were detailed
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were bad
They were little more than common sense
578
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
True
False
579
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
False
True
580
The central nervous system includes
Tendons
Organs
The brain and spinal cord
Muscles
581
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They fire too slowly
They don't fire easily enough
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
582
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
It's not divided
The ANS and SNS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The CNS and ANS
583
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
50% MZ and 36% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
77% MZ and 12% DZ
584
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
True
False
585
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
586
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
587
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
True
False
588
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Lorenz
Harlow
Pavlov
Milgram lad
589
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Russell
Adams
Stern and McClintock
590
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
591
What didn't Houston find?
There were no specific vulnerabilities
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
Genes were the main factor
All of the above
592
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
No change
Cognitive impairments
Both physical and cognitive impairments
Physical impairments
593
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
True
False
594
What are the key feature of the process
Not restricted to court rooms
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
All of the above
595
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
00.5
0.02
0.01
0.05
596
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Does not rely on the use of radiation
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
597
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
All of the above
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
598
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Prison
Financial restitution
Saying sorry
Shortened sentence
599
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
False
True
600
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Produces male sex hormones
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Triggers the fight or flight response
601
Aim of Asch's study?
Look into compliance vs identification
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
Line study
Look into obedience
602
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Securely attached children
Insecure resistant children
Avoidant insecure children
Deprived children
603
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
604
What is a paradigm?
Assumptions
A shared set of assumptions
A set of assumptions that are not shared
Facts of behaviour
605
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Deprivation
Proximity
Separation anxiety
Privation
606
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Demand characteristics
Cannot be generalised to humans
Lacks ecological validity
Ethical issues
607
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
It was purely biologcal
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Family had no effect
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
608
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
Poor external validity
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
Demand characteristics from those studied
609
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
19
0
7
4
610
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling