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Midterm Review
Midterm Review
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1
Which of the following is true of a question that can be answered by using scientific methods?
The question can be answered by observations and experimentation
The question is broad and creative
The question has many different answers
The question requires the use of models to answer
2
Which of the following is a characteristic of science, but NOT pseudoscience?
making observations
using controlled experiments
asking questions
making predictions
3
Why does the moon have a greater effect on tides on Earth than the Sun even though the Sun has much more mass?
The Moon is much closer to Earth than the Sun is
Gravity on Earth counteracts the Sun's gravity but not the Moon's
The Moon travels around Earth faster than Earth travels around the Sun
The density of the Moon is greater than the density of the Sun
4
Galileo observed that NOT all objects in space revolve around Earth, by observing Jupiter's moons. This means that ...
scientific knowledge can be revised if better evidence comes to light
scientific knowledge began only after the telescope was invented
scientific knowledge can only be gained by using sophisticated instruments
scientific knowledge is almost always incorrect
5
Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
to balance the charges between the nucleus and the electron cloud
to reduce the amount of energy required to bring atoms closer together
to obtain a more stable electron configuration through a full outer orbit
to place electrons in higher energy levels than are occupied in the atom
6
Erosion of a riverbed is an example of the interaction between which two spheres?
atmosphere and geosphere
atmosphere and hydrosphere
biosphere and geosphere
geosphere and hydrosphere
7
The gravitational attraction between two objects is determined by the mass of the two objects and the ...
weight of the objects
diameter of the objects
distance between the objects
density of the objects
8
The yellow circles are Neutrons. What is the atomic number of the atom shown?
11
3
7
4
9
Wegener knew that the same fossils had been found in both South America and Africa. How did this support his hypothesis?
The fossils proved that some of the reptiles must have swam from Africa
This supported the concept that Africa and South America were once joined
This observation proved that reptiles on different continents evolved same
The information demonstrated the link between the fossil record and climate
10
Newton's first law of motion states that an object ...
will tend to maintain its motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
at rest remains at rest unless it experiences an unbalanced force
in motion maintains its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force
all of the above
11
The outermost electrons in an atom's electron cloud are called ...
isotopes
neutrons
valence electrons
ions
12
The element that makes up the largest percentage of the atmosphere is
ozone
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
13
By what process is the carbon in fossil fuels released into the atmosphere?
respiration
decomposition
erosion
combusion
14
In which of the following would a sound wave move MOST QUICKLY?
Earth's atmosphere
granite
outer space
lake water
15
What conclusion can you draw if you observe that ultraviolet radiation from a star appears to be blue light?
The star is stationary relative to Earth
Our solar system is moving in the same direction as the star, but dif speed
The star is moving toward Earth
The distance between Earth and the star is increasing
16
What is the source of the sun's energy?
chemical reactions that combine elements to make chemical compounds
nuclear fission reactions that break massive nuclei into smaller nuclei
combustion reactions that combine carbon and oxygen
nuclear fusion reactions that combine smaller nuclei to form larger nuclei
17
Which parts of a chemical equation always follow the arrow?
subscripts
reactants
products
coefficients
18
In a controlled experiment, which of the following factors is changed or manipulated directly by the scientist?
observation
control group
independent variable
dependent variable
19
Which source of carbon in the carbon cycle is a nonrenewable resource?
carbon in living things
carbon in soil
carbon in fossil fuels
carbon dioxide in the air
20
Molecules move and slide past each other. Energy is taken away from the molecules and they become ridged. What is this?
freezing a liquid to a solid
Melting a solid to a liquid
vaporizing a liquid to a gas
condensing a gas to a liquid
21
If scientists make an observation that does NOT agree with an accepted scientific theory, the scientists should ...
assume that their observations are incorrect
perform more experiments to determine if the observation was an error
conclude that the theory is wrong
publish their results so other scientists can test the theory
22
The Sun releases energy by a process of turning hydrogen into helium. Why don't we fuse hydrogen to make energy on Earth
Conditions in the Sun's core are not easily reproduced on Earth
Scientists are concerned about the consequences of creating too much helium
Scientists do not fully understand how hydrogen becomes helium
Hydrogen is not readily available on Earth
23
As a spoon in a bowl of hot soup becomes warmer, through which process is heat being transferred to the spoon?
conduction
convection
radiation
insulation
24
Wegener thought continents dragged across the ocean floor. What process helped understand how continents actually moved?
sea-floor spreading
fossilization
magnetic reversal
earthquakes
25
What is the main kind of plate boundary found at a mid ocean ridge?
Convergent
Horizontal
Divergent
Transform
26
During which step of the scientific method do scientists develop a possible explanation for a problem?
make observations
draw conclusions
collect data
form a hypothesis
27
A combination of letters and numbers that indicates which elements make up a compound is a ...
chemical formula
reactant
chemical bond
coefficient
28
Two objects at different temperatures are in contact. Which of the following happens to their thermal energies?
their thermal energies remain the same
thermal energy passes from the cooler object to the warmer object
thermal energy passes from the warmer object to the cooler object
thermal energy passes back and forth equally between the two objects
29
Which of the following would most likely remove carbon dioxide from the air?
burning logs
killing weeds
breeding livestock
planting trees
30
A system of stars, planets, moons, and small bodies such as comets and asteroids likely formed from what?
black hole
supernova
big bang
nebula
31
What is the measure of gravitational force on an object?
mass
balance
weight
friction
32
Plants act as the base for the flow of energy through the biosphere. What is the function of plants in flow of energy?
They absorb solar energy and make it directly available to other organisms
They capture solar energy and use it to make food
They break down other organisms releasing energy into the environment
they consume other organisms, absorbing energy
33
Carbon cycles through the Earth system. During photosynthesis, carbon is ...
converted by organisms from a gas to carbohydrates
broken down and released from the remains of living organisms
released by organisms as carbon dioxide
released from wood as carbon dioxide when wood is burned
34
How do atoms form chemical bonds?
through magnetism
by sharing or transferring neutrons
by sharing or transferring electrons
by mixing chemical solutions
35
What would be the correct order of layers from the outside of Earth to the inside?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
36
A sound wave passes from water into the air which of the following describes how the sound wave will be affected by?
the speed of the sound wave will decrease
the speed of the sound wave will fluctuate
the speed of the sound wave will stay the same
the speed of the sound wave will increase
37
A molecule of water, or H
2
O has one atom of ...
osmium
helium
hydrogen
oxygen
38
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
hypothesis never changes during an experiment; theory is often changed
hypothesis is a possible explanation; theory is well supported explanation
hypothesis changes during an experiment, which results in change in theory
hypothesis is an explanation supported by all existing tests; theory is not
39
How is heat defined?
the temperature of an object
the total energy of the particles in an object
the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object
the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures
40
Color and hardness are examples of a substance's ...
physical properties
atomic structure
chemical properties
molecular properties
