Nutrition Chapter 3 The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat?

Mechanical digestion begins in the

The structure of the brush border aids digestion by

Overall, very little chemical digestion occurs in the mouth.

The brush border is located in the

Bile is made in the

lining of the small intestine is smooth & flat, allowing for quick transit time of food material to the large intestine

What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine?

Peristalsis is controlled by the

Which of the following is an example of the central nervous system's role in digestion?

Which type of cells form the lining of the small intestine?

Which of the following commonly results from years of alcohol abuse?

Cell membranes are primarily composed of two layers of

Which of the following allows facilitated diffusion of nutrients across the enterocyte membrane?

The nerves in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the

A diet high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables appears to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

Which of the following is known as a "hunger hormone"?

Liquids have a higher satiety value than solid foods.

Which physiological stimulus will trigger the sensation of hunger?

Assuming the Calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks will have the highest satiety value?

Which component of the gastrointestinal system can synthesize certain vitamins?

The atom is the smallest unit of matter that exhibits the properties of growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

In the small intestine, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by

In active transport, an enterocyte's cell membrane engulfs a nutrient and releases it into the cytoplasm.

Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur?

Responding to presence of protein & fat in our meal, cholecystokinin (CCK) signals gallbladder to release a substance

Which of the following enables the cell membrane to remain flexible?

Our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is located in the

Which of the following begins the process of denaturing proteins?

Untreated diarrhea can be fatal in young children

Tiny units of matter that cannot be broken down by natural means are called cells.

The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to

Cells are the smallest functional units of life that can grow, reproduce, and perform basic functions.

Hunger and appetite are synonymous terms that mean the same thing.

The conversion of the mass of undigested material into feces occurs in the

The small intestine is described as "small" because

Peptic ulcers are areas of the gastrointestinal tract that have been eroded by insulin and glucagon.

A crying infant who sheds so many tears he soaks his father's shirt is probably experiencing dehydration.

Most dietary fiber is absorbed in the small intestine.

Irritable bowel syndrome

Vitamins and minerals are small enough to be absorbed without first being digested.

What chemical in gastric juice kills bacteria you may have consumed?

Where is the gallbladder located?

The first part of the small intestine is the

Infrequent, painful bowel movements are symptoms of diarrhea.

Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

A cell's mitochondria function to enclose the contents of the cell.

Water-soluble nutrients stored in blood are routed directly from the small intestine through the portal vein to the

The tiny flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea is called the

The macronutrient with the highest satiety value is protein.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Constipation can be relieved by eating a high-fiber diet and staying well-hydrated.

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed

Reflux of gastric juice into the lower esophagus always causes heartburn

The majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the pancreas.

When the stomach is full, it can expand to hold approximately

Colorectal cancer is

A tissue is a grouping of similar cells that are joined together to form functional sheets or cords

The large intestine is also known as the colon.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

Which of the body's systems directs and coordinates the interrelated activities of the gastrointestinal tract?

The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest)

Often called the cell's powerhouse, the ribosome produces the energy molecule ATP from basic food components.

The hair-like projections on the enterocytes are known as

Inside each villus of the small intestine are capillaries and a small lymph vessel called a(n)

Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD?

Peristalsis that begins in the small intestine and surges upwards results in

A bolus is the liquid produced by mechanical digestion in the stomach.

Orange juice has a pH of 4. What is its relative acidity compared to pure water, which has a pH of 7?

The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is/are the

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) always manifests itself by diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal cramps.

The smallest units of matter that normally CANNOT be broken down are

What is the region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into the message to seek food due to hunger?

Leptin is a hormone that suppresses hunger.

The enzyme pancreatic amylase continues the digestion of

Which of following foods or beverages is considered safe to consume when traveling to high-risk foreign destinations?

The presence of any bacteria in the large intestine indicates a disordered condition that can be fatal if left untreated

Hunger is best described as

In the digestive system, bicarbonate

Which of the following is the most common cause of an occasional bout of vomiting?

Bile is released into which body organ in response to the consumption of fat?

Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

The hydrochloric acid (HCl) in gastric juice kills any H. pylori bacteria that may be present in the stomach.

What is the cephalic phase?

Typically, chyme remains in the stomach for 2 hours before traveling to the small intestine.

Appetite is triggered by

The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

The wavelike contractions that move food along the length of the GI tract are called

Tight rings of muscle that control the movement of food through the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are villi.

The pancreas is located

After you eat a meal of a cheeseburger with French fries and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal

What is chyme?

Which of the following does NOT occur in the stomach?

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth?

A painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus is called

Bile is made in the gallbladder.

Which of the following is recommended to prevent symptoms of GERD?

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only some compounds to enter and leave the cell.

The chemical environment of the stomach is