When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute

half the normal number of chromosomes

Gregor Mendel's work was the foundation for understanding why

offspring have traits similar to their parents

What is the genetic code

the order of nitrogen bases along a gene

What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists

one dominant and one recessive allele

What does a Punnett square show

all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Walter Sutton discovered that sex cells of grasshoppers have exactly

half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells

What happens during meiosis

chromosome pairs separate to form new sex cells

A mutation is harmful to an organism if it

reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction

What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis

copies the code from DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm

What is the chromosome theory of inheritance

genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes

The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which

amino acids are put together to form a protein

any change in a gene or chromosome

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Ch 3 Genetics

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#Mendel #Genetics #Heredity

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Questions 30

Answers

1
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute
half the normal number of chromosomes
twice the number of normal chromosomes
the normal number of chromosomes
one fourth of the normal number of chromosomes
2
Gregor Mendel's work was the foundation for understanding why
protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm
offspring have traits similar to their parents
sex cells have half the number of chromosomes
results of one cross don't affect the outcome of another
3
What is the genetic code
the order of amino acids in a protein
the order of nitrogen bases along a gene
the number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule
the number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome
4
Which nitrogen base in RNA is NOT part of DNA
cytosine
adenine
guanine
uracil
5
What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists
at least one recessive allele
two dominant alleles
two recessive alleles
one dominant and one recessive allele
6
What does a Punnett square show
all of Mendel's discoveries about genetic crosses
all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross
only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross
7
What proportion of plants in Mendel's F2 generation had a trait that was absent in F1
none
three fourths
half
one fourth
8
For codominant traits, heterozygotes have the phenotype of
both alleles
neither the dominant nor the recessive allele
only the recessive allele
only the dominant allele
9
What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments
he cross pollinated plants
he cross pollinated animals
he studied only self-pollinating plants
he studied only asexual animals
10
Factors that control traits are called
genes
chromosomes
alleles
parents
11
The different forms of a gene are called
masks
traits
factors
alleles
12
An organism's genotype is its
feather color
stem height
physical appearance
genetic makeup
13
An organism's phenotype is its
physical appearance
genetic makeup
allele combination
probability of occurring
14
Walter Sutton discovered that sex cells of grasshoppers have exactly
half the number of chromosomes found in the body cells
twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells
the same number of chromosomes found in the body cells
12 times the number of chromosomes found in the body cells
15
What did Mendel show the probability of producing a tall plant from two tall hybrids to be
two in four
one in four
three in four
four in four
16
A mutation that causes disease resistance in potatoes is a(n)
helpful mutation
neutral mutation
environmental mutation
harmful mutation
17
What happens during meiosis
chromosome pairs remain together when new sex cells form
chromosome pairs separate to form new sex cells
each sex cell loses half of its chromosomes
each sex cell copies itself to form four new chromosomes
18
In the genetic code, a group of three nitrogen bases codes for the production of a specific
transfer RNA
protein
messenger RNA
amino acid
19
A mutation is harmful to an organism if it
changes the DNA of the organism
reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction
makes the organism better able to avoid predators
changes the phenotype of the organism
20
What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis
copies the code from DNA and carries it into the nucleus
copies the code from DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
copies the code from protein and carries it to the nucleus
21
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance
hybrid pairs of chromosomes combine to form offspring
codominant genes combine to form new hybrids
genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids
22
The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells is
heredity
mitosis
meiosis
probabilty
23
What are the odds of having a baby with black fur if you cross BB black and bb white parents
25 percent
100 percent
50 percent
75 percent
24
Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics
hybrids
generations
traits
offspring
25
The cytoplasm is the part of the cell in which
chromosomes are located
DNA is located
proteins are made
RNA is made
26
During meiosis, sex cells form when chromosome pairs are
separated
copied
doubled
combined
27
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a
purebred
trait
hybrid
factor
28
The order of the bases along a gene determines the order in which
chromosomes are arranged in the nucleus
amino acids are put together to form a protein
sugars are put together to form a carb
genes are arranged on a chromosome
29
What is a mutation
any change that is harmful to an organism
any change in the phenotype of a cell
any change that is helpful to an organism
any change in a gene or chromosome
30
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists
at least one dominant allele
one dominant and one recessive allele
two dominant alleles
two recessive alleles

Ch 3 Genetics Flashcards | StudBud