Bio 104 Unit 1 - Evolution

Question 1

Darwin observed what organisms in the Galapagos that led him to understand natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Finches

Question 2

Physical movement of alleles/individuals into & away from populations. Counters genetic drift.

Accepted Answer

gene flow

Question 3

When some version of a trait gives an individual an advantage over others in attracting mates.

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection

Question 4

Parts with no apparent function.

Accepted Answer

Vestigial

Question 5

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p2 represents:

Accepted Answer

homozygous dominants

Question 6

The K-Pg boundary was formed 66 mya by

Accepted Answer

an asteroid

Question 7

All genes found in one population:

Accepted Answer

gene pool

Question 8

How species related to one another and to species that are now extinct:

Accepted Answer

phylogeny

Question 9

Darwin proposed:

Accepted Answer

natural selection is the driving force of evolution

Question 10

The degree of adaptation to a specific environment. (How well suited for survival)

Accepted Answer

Fitness

Question 11

Used to estimate how long ago two lineages diverged by comparing DNA or protein sequences:

Accepted Answer

molecular clock

Question 12

Malthus proposed:

Accepted Answer

humans run out of resources because they outgrow environment

Question 13

Despite being a deadly disease, sickle cell anemia continues in humans. It's an example of:

Accepted Answer

balanced polymorphism

Question 14

All of the following are considered to be fossils EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

live organisms

Question 15

When a few individuals start a new population, such as on an island.

Accepted Answer

founder effect

Question 16

Pattern of Selection: Heavier birds & thinner birds selected AGAINST. Moderate weight survives

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing

Question 17

A state at which natural selection maintains 2 or more alleles at relatively high frequencies.

Accepted Answer

balanced polymorphism

Question 18

Master genes that are highly conserved:

Accepted Answer

Hox

Question 19

Organisms speciate over a large range. 2 populations evolve, but maintain contact along border.

Accepted Answer

Parapatric

Question 20

Breeders choose desired traits in offspring to change general characteristics of a population.

Accepted Answer

Artificial Selection

Question 21

Ancient supercontinent that encompassed most southern land masses (Africa, India, S. America)

Accepted Answer

Gondwana

Question 22

The end of gene exchange between populations:

Accepted Answer

reproductive isolation

Question 23

Which of these is a post-zygotic isolating mechanism:

Accepted Answer

embryonic death

Question 24

This allows a new species to form within a home range of an existing species. No barrier.

Accepted Answer

Sympatric

Question 25

Change from the body form of a common ancestor is an evolutionary pattern called:

Accepted Answer

morphological divergence

Question 26

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq represents:

Accepted Answer

heterozygotes

Question 27

Over time: Individuals with the most adaptive traits that survive longest and reproduce most.

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 28

The (original) source of new alleles in a population:

Accepted Answer

mutation

Question 29

Remnants or traces of organisms that lived in the remote past:

Accepted Answer

fossils

Question 30

___________ evolve, but _________ do not evolve.

Accepted Answer

Populations ; Individuals

Question 31

The independent evolution of similar body parts in different lineages-no recent common ancestor

Accepted Answer

morphological convergence

Question 32

Evolutionary history of a species or a group of species.

Accepted Answer

phylogeny

Question 33

The study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

Accepted Answer

Comparative morphology

Question 34

Burst of speciation that occurs when a lineage encounters a new set of niches.

Accepted Answer

adaptive radiation

Question 35

Type of speciation that requires a physical barrier of some kind to end gene flow.

Accepted Answer

Allopatric

Question 36

Random change to allele frequencies over time:

Accepted Answer

genetic drift

Question 37

Lamarck proposed:

Accepted Answer

individuals changed over time and passed traits to offspring

Question 38

There have been ____ major extinctions.

Accepted Answer

5

Question 39

The study of patterns in the distribution of species:

Accepted Answer

biogeography

Question 40

Specifically, what about the Galapagos finches was so well adapted to various niches?

Accepted Answer

beaks

Question 41

When do we estimate the dinosaurs suffered a catastrophic event that resulted in extinction?

Accepted Answer

66 mya

Question 42

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, q2 represents:

Accepted Answer

homozygous recessives

Question 43

Similar body parts in separate lineages that evolved in a common (shared) ancestor.

Accepted Answer

homologous structure

Question 44

The simplest & most likely evolutionary pathway which derived traits evolved the fewest times.

Accepted Answer

parsimony analysis

Question 45

Body parts that look alike but did NOT evolve from a shared ancestor. (no shared ancestor)

Accepted Answer

analogous structure

Question 46

Why will the fossil record never be complete? Choose all that apply:

Accepted Answer

It is slanted toward species with wide or dense populations, It is slanted toward species with hard parts, Geologic events obliterated most of it

Question 47

Which of these is a pre-zygotic isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Temporal

Question 48

Evolutionary process by which new species form. Requires reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

speciation

Question 49

Any heritable physical, behavioral, or biochemical feature that can be measured or quantified.

Accepted Answer

character

Question 50

Pattern of Nat. Selection: Brown mice selected AGAINST in light rock area. Lighter mice survive

Accepted Answer

Directional

Question 51

A change in the line of descent:

Accepted Answer

evolution

Question 52

Two species in close ecological contact act as agents of selection on each other.

Accepted Answer

coevolution

Question 53

Ancient supercontinent that encompassed nearly all existing land masses:

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Question 54

The relative abundance of a particular allele of a given gene in a population:

Accepted Answer

allele frequency

Question 55

______ fossils are found in ____ layers of rock.

Accepted Answer

Simpler ; Deeper

Question 56

In elephant seals, the males are significantly larger than females. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

sexual dimorphism

Question 57

Traits in modern species that held a different adaptive value in ancestral lineages.

Accepted Answer

exaptation

Question 58

All mutations are:

Accepted Answer

lethal, beneficial, or neutral

Question 59

Drastic reduction in population size brought about by severe pressure:

Accepted Answer

bottleneck

Question 60

Which of these represents the Hardy-Weinberg equations accurately?

Accepted Answer

p+q=1 ; p2 + 2pq + q2

Question 61

Sexual selection can lead to:

Accepted Answer

sexual dimorphism

Question 62

The time it takes for half of a radio isotopes atoms to decay into a daughter element.

Accepted Answer

Half life

Question 63

Lineage that exists for millions of years with little or no change. Coelocanth is an example.

Accepted Answer

stasis

Question 64

A trait that enhances an individual's fitness.

Accepted Answer

adaptive trait

Bio 104 Unit 1 - Evolution

Questions 68

Bio 104 Unit 1 - Evolution

Questions 68