The MTF test measures _____________.

How well breast information is transferred to IR (spatial resolution)

MQSA performance standard for Digital Mammography Phantom is_____, _____, and ______.

2 largest fibers, 3 largest speck groups, 2 largest masses

Ductography for malignancy is not indicated if nipple discharge is ___, ____, and _____.

Bilateral, green, only occurs on active expression

Two chest wall deformities that present mammography challenges are_____

Pectus carinitum, pectus excavitum

The main reason for performing the Repeat/Reject analysis is to______

Indicate technologist performance impacting increase patient dose.

A 2017 MQSA-mandated initiative that ensures quality of mammograms throughout the year is _______.

EQUIP: Ensuring Quality Using the Inspection Process

Comparing location of lesion on MLO and Lateral views,

Central lesions do not rise or fall on MLO

Ultrasound is not suitable for screening mammography because it_____

Can not show Calcifications (Ca++) that are present in many cancers

For accreditation review, facilities must show compliance with MQSA rules on ______, _________, ________

Equipment, personnel, image quality

When comparing breast cancer incidence andsurvival rates in both genders,____

More females get cancer but survive for longer than males

What does 75% represent among women who get breast cancer?

Percent with no well-defined risk factors

Atrophy of glandular tissue begins____ and progresses____

Medially and posteriorly, to nipple

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Winter2020MammoFinal

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Questions 95

Answers

1
The most common modality used to perform breast needle biopsy is _____
MRI
CT
Mammography
Ultrasound
2
Mosaic (tiling) imaging is helpful with _____ breasts.
Small
Large
Surgically altered
Dense
3
The MTF test measures _____________.
SNR
Pixel function across detector
How well breast information is transferred to IR (spatial resolution)
CNR
4
The most common cause of nipple discharge is _________, a _______ lesion.
Papilloma, benign
Papilloma, malignant
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, malignant
Ductal carcinoma In Situ, malignant
5
3D mammography removes the problem of ______.
Patient motion
Patient tolerance of compression
High dose
Superimposition
6
MQSA performance standard for Digital Mammography Phantom is_____, _____, and ______.
2 smallest fibers, 3 smallest speck groups, 3 smallest masses
3 largest fibers, 3 largest speck groups, 3 largest masses
2 largest fibers, 3 largest speck groups, 2 largest masses
4 largest fibers, 4 largest speck groups, 4 largest masses
7
The Visual Checklist must be conducted once per ____.
Six months
Year
Week
Month
8
Minimally invasive needle biopsies have replaced excisional biopsies in____ of cases
50%
20%
70%
40%
9
The ______ capture method uses light as an intermediary in digital image formation.
Direct
Indirect
3D (Digital breast tomosynthesis)
Ultrasound
10
If a lesion appears HIGHER on the lateral than it does on the MLO projection, it is in the ______aspect of the breast.
Medial
Lateral
Superior
Inferior
11
Contrast and brightness in digital mammogram images are controlled by adjusting _______ and _______
Window width and window center
SID
mAs
kVp
12
Ductography for malignancy is not indicated if nipple discharge is ___, ____, and _____.
Unilateral, bloody, spontaneous
Unilateral, colorless, sponteneous
Bilateral, green, only occurs on active expression
Unilateral, colorless , on expression
13
Gynecomastia is a ______ condition in the male breast that involves proliferation of tissue mainly ____
Malignant, adjacent to chest wall
Malignant, posterior to nipple
Benign, posterior aspect of breast
Benign, posterior to nipple
14
Facilities must retain mammogram images and reports for ________
5 years
10 years
1 year
3 years
15
Which of the following is not an image quality check?
Amount of posterior tissue shown
Comparison with priors
QC on the machine
Length of PNL
16
The _____ projection superimposes superior and inferior breast tissue.
CC
MLO
Lateral
Tangential
17
An MQSA Mammography facility must engage the services of a_____ to perform QC on the machine.
Manufacturing Engineer
Interventional Radiologist
Medical Physicist
QC technologist
18
The areas of the breast palpated to evaluate "tautness" from compression are ____ and _____.
Posterior to nipple
Medial, lateral areas
Base of breast
12 o'clock, 6 o'clock
19
Breast specimens are imaged using________
Increased SID
Ultrasound and radiography
Large focal spot mode
Magnification mode
20
Nipple discharge associated with cancer is usually_____
Red and bilateral
Green and unilateral
Clear and bilateral
Clear and unilateral
21
Two chest wall deformities that present mammography challenges are_____
Fractured ribs, fractured clavicle
Pleurisy, pneumonia
Pectus carinitum, pectus excavitum
Sternal fracture, sternal fixation
22
A _______ and a _______ are involved in FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology)
Radiologist, primary care physician
Radiologist, pathologist
Pathologist, cytologist
Lab technologist, radiologist
23
The main reason for performing the Repeat/Reject analysis is to______
Identify number of Magnification views
Check accuracy of Radiologist reports
Indicate technologist performance impacting increase patient dose.
Identify patient motion rates
24
State which margins of the breast are mobile.
Superior
All margins
Medial
Lateral and inferior
25
The ACR system used to standardize reporting of mammogram results is BIRADS ________
0-4
A-D
E-H
0-6
26
Which of the following may NOT present with architectural distortion?
Radial Scar
Previous biopsy site
Cancer
Fluid-filled cyst
27
The ______ is the true reverse of the MLO, since beam enters 180 degrees to that of MLO
SIO
FB
XCCL
LMO
28
A lesion with Lucent center and lines radiating from center is a_____, and is ______
Radial Scar, benign
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma, malignant
Fibroadenoma, benign
Spiculated mass, malignant
29
A 2017 MQSA-mandated initiative that ensures quality of mammograms throughout the year is _______.
EQUIP: Ensuring Quality Using the Inspection Process
EQUIN: Ensuring Quality Using Internal Norms
EQUAT: Ensuring Quality Using Annual Testing
EQUAL: Ensuring Quality Acceptance Levels
30
Visualizing posterior and inferior tissue on MLO is difficult in patients with
Kyphosis or protruding abdomen
Pacemaker
Large breasts
Very small breasts
31
A measurement of how well a breast lesion is seen in relation to surrounding tissue is _______.
MTF
Pixel value
CNR
SNR
32
Which of the following is NOT an effect of reduction mammoplasty?
Relocation of nipple
Skin dimpling
Change in distribution of glandular tissue
Skin tightening
33
In FFDM systems, the _______test evaluates overall_____
MTF, spatial resolution
Flat Field test, target performance
SNR, system contrast
CNR, system noise
34
In patients with encapsulated implants, the ______ view (s) can show the inferior aspect of the breast.
SIO
LM/ML
Tangential
FB
35
The _____ and _____ patterns are used to test the performance of the AWS, RWS, and Laser Printer.
SMPTE, AAPM TG 18
ACR FFDM Phantom, Flat Field Test Phantom
Flat Field Test Phantom, Compression Test Device
EQUIP , MPTP
36
After menopause, glandular tissue resorbs from the _____ breast toward the ______.
Medial, lateral
Superior, inferior
Nipple, posterior breast
Posterior , niipple
37
Popcorn calcifications are associated with a _____, which is a _____ lesion.
Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma, malignant
Radial scar, benign
Fibroadenoma, benign
Fibroadenoma, malignant
38
To perform a tangential projection of a lesion at 6 o'clock, the C-arm would be in the ____ position.
MLO
CC
Lateral
FB
39
The ______ projection shows whether a lesion is in superior or inferior breast and how posterior it is.
CC
MLO
Lateral
LMO
40
DBT reduces need for additional imaging by _______
30%
60%
50%
40%
41
Digital detectors perform best with ____ targets, which give harder beams and high image quality with ______ dose.
Rhodium targets, lower
Tungsten target, higher
Tungsten, lower
Molybdenum targets, higher
42
Comparing location of lesion on MLO and Lateral views,
Central lesions move medially on MLO
Central lesions do not rise or fall on MLO
Central lesions move posteriorly
Central lesions move laterally on MLO
43
A lesion at 2 o'clock in the Right breast is in the _____.
LIQ
UOQ
LOQ
UIQ
44
Ultrasound is not suitable for screening mammography because it_____
is too expensive
is uncomfortable for patients
Can not show Calcifications (Ca++) that are present in many cancers
is not 100% accurate
45
What percentage of screening mammogram patients will be recalled for add views/US?
15
8
10
20
46
For accreditation review, facilities must show compliance with MQSA rules on ______, _________, ________
Personnel qualifications, type of machine, level of skill of radiologist
Equipment, personnel, image quality
Type of tube target, annual physicist report, cleaning of equipment
Type of machine, credentials of radiolgost, type of detector
47
When comparing breast cancer incidence andsurvival rates in both genders,____
More males get cancer, but females survive breast cancer than do females
Males and females have equal incidence survival rates
Young women have greater incidence but survive longer than young males
More females get cancer but survive for longer than males
48
What does 75% represent among women who get breast cancer?
Percent with no well-defined risk factors
Percent of survival of non-metastatic cancer
Percent with risk factors
Percent with recurrent breast cancer
49
The digital detector in mammography can detect ________ shades of gray.
512
5, 624
16, 384
1, 024
50
Atrophy of glandular tissue begins____ and progresses____
At nipple, posteriorly
Inferiorly, posteriorly
Laterally, anteriorly to nipple
Medially and posteriorly, to nipple
51
For CC on kyphotic patients, more tissue can be included if patient_____
Leans to the Right
Is standing
Leans to the Left
Is seated
52
Women with average risk of breast cancer----
Get diagnostic mammograms
Get add views
Get screening mammograms
Get MRI
53
The magnification factor allowed by MQSQ is between _____ and _____.
0.25, 0.75
1.0, 2.0
1.4, 2.0
1.0, 3.0
54
Inflammatory carcinoma may appear similar to _______
Infection
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Papilloma
55
Which of the following BIRADS result categories indicates "probably benign: short-term follow-up recommended"?
BIRADS 5
BIRADS 4
BIRADS 3
BIRADS 0
56
During a preoperative needle localization procedure, ______ images are taken repeatedly to adjust location of needle.
MLO and true Lateral
CC and ML
MLO and LMO
CC and MLO
57
To show that a mass is fluid-filled requires______ for accurate diagnosis.
US
Additional views
MRI
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
58
A _____ projection is the most common additional view to locate a lesion in the breast.
Tangential
LMO
Lateral
Rolled CC
59
Only the Medical Physicist can perform the ________ and ________ QC tests.
Breast entrance dose, beam quality assessment
CNR
SNR
MTF
60
Which of the following dense breast categories indicates "extremely dense breasts"?
BIRADS B
BIRADS D
BIRADS C
BIRADS A
61
Pathology in the male breast is usually located______
Posterior to nipple
In medial breast
In posterior breast
In axilla
62
Mammography reports must be delivered ______ to the patient within _____ of the mammogram.
Verbally, 40 days
In writing, 5 days
By phone, 21 days
In writing, 30 days
63
Which of the following is NOT an "adverse effect" by MQSA standards?
Non-credentialed personnel performing mammography
Failure of phantom criteria for visualizing specks, masses, fibers
Mammography reports not delivered within 30 days of exam
QC result not charted before first patient of day
64
When imaging patient in wheelchair, ____ is relatively easy to perform, but the _____ may be difficult.
CC, MLO
Axillary Tail, CC
Lateral, MLO
MLO, CC
65
State projection showing if "lesion" seen on CC is true lesion or artifact of superimposition.
Rolled view in MLO projection
Rolleld view in CC projection
True Lateral
Spot Magnification view
66
Which of the following must the Medical Physicist perform before a mammography machine is used?
Visual checklist
Phantom test
Half-Value Layer
Comprehensive Medical Equipment Evaluation (MEE)
67
An additional view, to image "wrap-around" breasts is the ____
Tangential
XCCL (Exaggerat)ed CC Lateral
XMLO
Axillary Tail
68
A non-contrast MRI may be performed to check for _________
Foreign bodies
Calcifications
Fibroadenoma
Implant rupture
69
The range of gauge for core biopsy needles is _____, yielding a large volume of tissue.
5-12
8-14
6-8
14-16
70
Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing breast cancer?
Older age
Female gender
Size of breast
Maternal family history of breast cancer
71
The most common type of breast cancer, comprising _____ of all lesions is _____.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, 65%
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, 60%
Lobular Carcinoma, 35%
Inflammatory Carcinoma, 40%
72
Implanted medical devices in chest, except for _____require special images.
Heart stent
Defibrillator
Pacemaker
Vascular access port
73
The ACR system to standardize descriptions of Breast Density is BIRADS ____
E-H
A-D
0-6
4-8
74
False Negatives of up to 25% may occur because _______ or _______.
Not all cancers show on mammograms, cancer may show up later, when larger
Radiologist lacks training, tech lacks training
Machine malfunction
PACS errors
75
A lesion that appears LOWER on Lateral compared with MLO is actually in the ________ aspect of the breast.
Lateral
Medial
Inferior
Superior
76
SNR test measures _____________________.
How well detector captures breast information versus electronic noise
How well system measures contrast as opposed to noise
How well system measures spatial resolution in breast
Whether any pixels on the detector are "dead" (malfunctioning)
77
Which of the following is not a factor in breast cancer staging?
Distant metastases
Tumor size
Calcifications in lesions of all sizes
Lymph node involvement
78
The _________ test device is used to show areas of detector that have "dead" or malfunctioning pixels.
Compression test device
ACR Digital Phantom
SMPTE pattern
Flat Field
79
The role of vigorous breast compression is too _________.
Reduce visualization of calcium deposits
Reduce dose
Increase patient cooperation
Make mammograms comparable with priors
80
A women with fibrocystic breasts is likely to ______
Have large breasts
Need additional imaging
Have fatty breasts
Experience less discomfort in mammography
81
The SIO projection beam enters ________ and exits_______.
Inferomedial aspect of breast, Superolateral aspect of breast
Superior aspect of breast, Inferior aspect of breast
Superolateral aspect of breast and exits Inferomedial aspect of breast
Medial aspect of breast, lateral aspect of breast
82
Which of the following views usually shows lymph nodes?
Tangential
CC
MLO
Lateral
83
Which of the following is NOT a MQSA requirement for mammography technologists?
Continued annual experience
Attending seminars on Mammography
Continued education
Initial 40-hour training
84
To correctly determine location of a lesion, ______ projections are required.
Five
Four
Two
Three
85
Estrogen is responsible for ________, and progesterone is responsible for _______.
Ductal proliferation, lobular proliferation and growth
Lobular proliferation, ductal proliferation and growth
Lactation, Involution
Areolar growth, lymph node proliferation
86
The ______ projection best shows the UOQ and posterior portion of breast.
MLO
XCCL
CC
Lateral
87
Mammography facilities must reapply to ACR to renew accrditation every ______ years.
1
4
5
3
88
Best projection for visualizing lesion in UIQ of breast is____
SIO
MLO
CC
Latera;
89
An additional view to localize a superimposed lesion in a dense breast is _____
ML/LM view
Tangential view
Rolled view
From Below view. (FB)
90
The LEFT __________ quadrant includes 12 o'clock to 3 o'clock positions.
LOQ
UIQ
LIQ
UOQ
91
Spot compression views are performed with _____ to include a _____ area of tissue and enhance lesion visibility.
Maximum compression, larger
Magnification, smaller
Magnification, larger
No compression, larger
92
Which of the following lymph nodes are within the breast?
Extramammary
Intramammary
Thoracic duct
Cervical
93
When a person is place within the MRI magnetic field,_____
Electrons spin faster in orbits
Electrons are knocked out of orbit
Protons flip on their sides
Charge on protons is inverted
94
The most common mastectomy performed today is the_______
Reduction Mastectomy
Modified Radical
Bilateral Prophylactic
Radical
95
The ______is the distance the stereotactic biopsy device moves from the starting (cocked) to the home (fired) position.
Target distance
Stroke distance
Action distance
Firing distance

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