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HHA Semester 2
HHA Semester 2
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1
The distribution of blood to the distal tissues:
Diffusion
Perfusion
Circulation
Ventilation
2
What would you expect from a pregnant womens respiratory system?
Increased tidal volume
All of the above
Higher respiratory rate to meet O2 needs of the baby
Narrower costal angle
3
Which of the following statements is true?
Base of the heart is at the sternal boarder (Second intercostal space)
The internal jugular vein is palpable
The endocardium lines the inner surface or heart chambers
The apex of the heart is at the fifth ICS
4
An ECG should be done on any patient presenting with chest pain
False
True
5
What definition is incorrectly paired?
Atony: Lack of muscle tone/residual tension
Hypotonicity: Diminished tone of muscles
Spasm: Involuntary twitching of muscle fibres
Spasticity: Stiff muscles, awkward movements
6
How can a nurse educate patients of prevention of back injuries?
Proper body mechanics with lifting and pushing
Maintain healthy weight
All of the above
Suggest protective equipment for sports and work
7
What side of the stethoscope is used to auscultate a heart murmur?
You can't auscultate heart murmurs because they are only seen on ECG
Diaphragm
You can auscultate heart murmurs using both sides
Bell
8
You should assess carotid pulse by palpating both carotid arteries at the same time
True
False
9
A patient living in a northern area of Canada would need what type of supplement?
Potassium
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Iron
10
Which of the following stimuli would nociceptors not respond to?
Respond to all of the above
Chemical
Mechanical
Thermal
11
What tool do you use to perform a multidimensional pain assessment?
Verbal Descriptor Scale
Visual Analogue Scale
Brief Pain Inventory
Numeric Pain Intensity Scale
12
What term describes the curving of the thoracic spine in older adults?
Lordosis
Thoracosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
13
What is the reccomended alcohol intake limit for men and women respectively?
<10 drinks/week, <5 drinks/week
<14 drinks/week, <9 drinks/week
<5 drinks/week, <10 drinks/week
<9 drinks/week, <14 drinks/week
14
Normal Range for SPO2 in a healthy patient?
85-89%
90-100%
95-100%
80-95%
15
What are the nerve fibres that conduct painful stimuli rapidly?
A Delta fibres
C fibres
Nerve fibres
Nerve endings
16
Males have a higher concentration of Hemoglobin than females
True
False
17
Which of these is an asthma trigger?
All of the above
Cold air
Anger
Stress
18
What is false about opioid hyperalgesia?
Patients with opioid tolerance are often mislabelled as drug seeking
Occurs in patients with history of opioid tolerance
Repeated use of opioids causes more sensitivity to pain
Can occur immediately after opioid use begins
19
Difficulty breathing or SOB when laying down...
Orthopnea
Nocturia
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Dyspnea
20
What theory suggests that the body responds to pain by opening or blocking a pathway at the synaptic junction?
Gate control theory
Neuromatrix theory
Nociceptive theory
Modulation theory
21
When is the apgar score test done?
Only done once after birth
One minute and five minutes after birth
10 minutes after baby is born
5 and 10 minutes after baby is born
22
What is false about chronic pain?
Lasts beyond expected healing period
Persists even when injury is healed
Has no purpose or identifiable cause
Chronic pain is linked to protection
23
What sound is caused by air moving through airways constricted by swelling or partial airway obstruction?
Wheezes
Rales
Pleural Friction Rubs
Crackle
24
Which of the following can be experienced with both neuropathic and nociceptive pain?
Phantom limb pain
Diabetic neuropathy
Normal processing of stimulus
Abnormal processing of sensory input
25
Soft & low pitched breath sounds. No gap between inspiration and expiration, heard at bases of lungs
Adventitious
Vesicular
Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
26
What are nurses goals when dealing with patient with
chronic
pain?
Reduce to acceptable level
Get rid of the pain
Let the patient deal with it
Inject the client with pain medications
27
What does not happen to your heart as you get older?
Higher levels of elastin
Higher levels of collagen
Cardiac valves become thicker/stiffer
Decreased number of pacemaker cells in the SA node
28
Where would you find the base of the heart?
Under the left breast
At the Xiphoid process
Between right and left 5th ICS
Between left and right 2nd ICS
29
Pain should always be assumed and treated in unconcious patient
False
True
30
Which of these is a risk factor for poor neurovascular circulation?
Edema
Hypothermia
Smoking
All of the above
31
A migraine is considered what frequency of pain?
Persistent
Intermittent
Episodic
Continuous
32
A patient comes in following trauma to a limb, what is expected of the nurse following this injury?
Assess capillary refill
Assess limb strength
All of the above
Test ROM
33
When auscultating a patients lungs, which of the following is correct?
Auscultate over clothing
Begin auscultation inferiorly at lower lobes
Wait for exhalation to be finished before moving stethoscope
Auscultate one entire lung and then move to the next
34
What would a pain rating of 7 indicate?
Moderate pain
No pain
Mild pain
Severe pain
35
A pregnant betch is experiencing lower back pain, comes to you for relief of pain.What intervention would you implement?
Ibuprofen (NSAIDS)
Red and yellow
Tylonel
Physical exercise such as yoga
36
Which of the following is thought to increase the transmission of pain?
C fibres
GABA neurotransmitters
Calcium
Enhanced glutamate
37
Sympathetic nervous system control of CV system gets higher as you get older
True
False
38
Which receptor responds to pain?
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
39
What causes decreased height as we age?
Compression of the spinal cord due to gravity
Loss of collagen
Loss of water content in intervertebral discs
Loss of bone density, effecting the spine
40
What are you inspecting in an MSK assessment?
Balance / Coordination
Gait and mobility
All of the above
Posture
41
Chest wall deformity in which several ribs and sternum grow abnormally giving a caved in appearance to the chest
Pigeon chest
Pectus Carinatum
Barrell chest
Pectus Excavatum
42
What is the most reliable indicator of pain?
Facial expression
Vital Signs
What the family member says it is
Patients response to pain scale of 0-10
43
Hollow, higher pitched sounds. Abnormal if heard over peripheral lung fields. Pause between inspir and expir...
Bronchovesicular
Bronchial Sounds
Vesicular sounds
Adventitious sounds
44
If you palpated moderate pitting edema about 4mm depression that dissapears in 10-15 seconds, what level would you give?
0
+1
+2
+3
45
Women who are pregnant have increased joint mobility
True
False
46
What should a nurse be concerned about with older adults MSK system?
Loss of muscle strength
Supplementing vitamin d and calcium
All of the above
Loss of bone density
47
What is the reason for decreased lung capacity in older adults?
Decreased elasticity
Muscle weakness
Decreased SA of alveoli for gas exchange
All of the above
48
Which of these is in need of an urgent evalution of pain?
Sudden pain associated with fever or increased pulse/decreased BP
Red and Blue
Pain after surgery
Chronic pain
49
Which of the following is considered a controlled risk factor for Cardiovascular disease?
Family History
Increased Age
Ethnicity
Elevated serum cholesterol
50
Which of the following is an unexpected observation in infants under 2 years old?
Respirations are primarily abdominal
SPO2 of 84%
Irregular respiratory rate
Resp rate of 30-60 per min
51
What would the most accurate diagnosis of this picture be?
Venous insufficiency
Varicose Veins
Atherosclerosis
Arterial insufficiency
52
How would you alleviate venous insufficiency?
Blue and Yellow
Compression socks
Short rest
Leg elevation
53
What are the two main types of nerve fibres that transmit painful stimuli?
A delta fibres and C fibres
There are more than 2
Myelinated and unmyelinated
Free nerve endings, nociceptors
54
What would you expect to find with pulmonary oedema?
Coughing up blood (Haemoptysis)
Pink frothy secretions
Yellow or green sputum
Dark offensive smell
55
A condition in which veins enlarge due to malfunction of their valves causing improper flow of blood & pooling of blood
Vericocele
Varicose veins
Venous insufficiency
Hemorrhoids
56
Which term defines excessive sweating due to a secondary condition?
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Diaphoresis
Orthopnea
Nocturia
57
Which of the following is a characteristic of VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY?
Inconsistent Temperature
Absent or mild edema
Brown discolouration around ankles
Decreased hair growth
58
Which of the following is a characteristic of ARTERIAL INSUFFICIENCY?
Aching and dull pain
Edema throughout the day
Pain/Edema relieved when elevated
Pale colour and cold to the touch
59
Where do you start with Cardiovascular Assessment?
Past Medical History
Vital Signs
Medications
Family History
60
Nurses cannot usee vital signs as an indicator of pain in chronic patients
True
False
61
You're auscultating the patients posterior, what sounds can be expected on the back?
Bronchial
Bronchiovesicular
Blue and yellow
Vesicular
62
Who would you most be concerned about developing arthritis?
Males
Females
African american populations
Indigenous populations
63
Which of the following conditions is incorrectly matched up with its definition?
Peripheral sensitization: Result of inflammation creating hypersensitivity
Windup: Enhanced response to pain due to prolonged pain production
All of the above are correct
Central sensitization: Spinal nerves that feel pain after pain is gone
64
BRUITS are turbulant blood flow caused by partial obstruction
True
False
65
In relation to pain, older patients experience what?
All of the above
Increased H2O %
Increased risk for severe toxicity
Increased muscle mass
66
Plaque buildup in your arteries that usually causes Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis
Aneurysm
Arterial insufficiency
Peripheral Vascular Disease
67
Pain that results from actual or potential injury to non neuronal tissue.
Acute pain
Nociceptive pain
Chronic pain
Neuropathic pain
68
6 P's for Assessment in an EMERGENCY
Pain, pallor, pulse, paralysis, pitting, paresthesia
Pain, pallor, pulse, polar sensation, paralysis, paresthesia
Pain, pallor, pulse, paralysis, pitting, pins and needles
Pain, pallor, pulse, polar sensation, paralysis, pitting
69
There are 2 nerves in the lower limbs and 3 nerves in the upper, assessed for sensation and movement
False
True
70
Pain caused by disease or lesion in either PNS or CNS.
Chronic pain
Acute pain
Nociceptive pain
Neuropathic pain
71
When can children start using numeric rating scales for pain?
2-4 years
7-10 years
Not until preteen age
5-6 years
72
A patient experiences chest pain, their pain radiates down the right arm. What classification of pain is this?
Referred pain
Parietal pain
Visceral pain
Somatic pain
73
A patient presents with a shoulder injury has feeling of pins and needles, what pulses would you want to palpate?
Brachial
Carotid
Blue and yellow
Radial
74
Which of the following is not true about S1 (LUB sound of heartbeat)?
It's best heard at the apex of the heart
It is the loudest of both heart sounds
It signals the beginning of systole
During this sound, semilunar valves are closing
